Page 67 - World Aquaculture Magazine - March 2011
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orld
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quaculture
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milled/processed cereals such as maize/corn, wheat, rice,
sorghum, millet and triticale, by-product meals includ-
ing corn/maize gluten, wheat gluten, rice bran and wheat
bran and extracted oils from corn/maize and rice;
• Oilseed meals and oils: including full-fat and solvent
extracted oilseed meals, including soybean, cotton,
groundnut/peanut and sunflower, byproduct meals such
as soybean protein concentrates and the extracted oils of
soybean, sunflower and cottonseed;
• Poultry byproduct meals and fats produced from slaugh-
tered farmed poultry including poultry byproduct meal,
turkey meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, chick hatchery
waste and poultry fat;
• Meat byproduct meals and fats produced from slaugh-
tered farmed livestock such as cattle, pigs and sheep, in-
cluding meat and bone meal, meat meal and lard/tallow;
• Blood byproduct meals produced from slaughtered farmed
livestock (ruminant and monogastric) including blood
meal, hemoglobin meal and dried plasma products;
• Fish meals and oils produced fromwild harvested whole fish
that are not produced in Brazil but are used to formulate
starter and broodstock diets with imported ingredients;
• Fish byproduct meals and oils produced from seafood and/
or aquaculture processing waste; availability of this raw
material is increasing because of growing aquaculture;
• Fish hydrolysates, silages and fermentation products
produced from fish processing wastes;
• Additives: vitamins, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, im-
munoenhancers, synthetic aminoacids and other import-
ed substances are available to complete formulation to
meet farmed animal nutritional requirements. See Table
3 for data about usage of the most important ingredients
used by the animal feed industry in Brazil.
According to an extensive trial run by Tacon
et al
. (2010)
the results clearly show the nutritional and economic efficacy
of totally replacing fishmeal and squid meal within com-
mercial shrimp feeds by using feed grade poultry byproduct
meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, spray dried blood meal and
meat and bone meal with supplemental amino acids and ad-
justments on soybean meal contents. Dietary substitution of
fishmeal and fish oil
with alternative feed ingredient sources
will be considerably easier for herbivorous/omnivorous aqua-
culture and animal species than for the more nutritionally de-
manding carnivorous aquaculture and animal species
(Hardy
and Tacon 2002)
. Notwithstanding the above, fishmeal and
fish oil are not essential feed ingredients per se, but rather have
represented cost-effective providers of high quality animal
protein and marine lipids packaged in near ideal nutritional
proportions for most carnivorous and omnivorous high value
aquaculture species (Tacon and Metian 2008;
Table 3).
Feed Millers
There are more than one hundred industries producing at
least one feed for the aquaculture sector. Most of them are
in the southeastern and southern regions, where more than
50 percent of Brazilian production is concentrated; but in-
asmuch as the midwestern and northeastern regions are ris-
ing more rapidly than others because of climate conditions,
water resources and development of agricultural industries
that provide good raw material for feed formulation, many
industries are establishing plants in the area. There are also
five companies that can build good quality grinders, mixers,
pellet mills, extruders, top coating and packaging equip-
ment in Brazil besides many international companies that
have offices and representatives in the country.
A
quafeed
I
ndustry
(Continued from page 16)
Table 3. Feedstuff Breakdown, 2010 (thousand t).
1
Broilers Layers Swine Dairy Beef Others Total Feed Supplements Overall
Corn
17913 3053 10772 1549 770 2491 36548
36458
Soybean Meal (46% CP)
6911 977 2822 548 160 299 11719
11719
Wheat and by-products
255
55
318 851 214 226 1920
1920
Meat and Bone Meal
1702 240 956
226 3125
3125
Sorghum
510
478
239 132 1360
1360
Cotton Meal
378 382 32
793
793
Calcarium
221
451 243 135 96 54 1203
1203
Corn Feed Meal
198
1
472 216 154 1043
1043
Corn Gluten Meal
227
1
31
260
260
Dicalcium Phosphate
31
100
31
23 20 11
218
626
844
Salt
107
17
52
23 17 13
232
500
733
Calcium Carbonate and Sulphate
175
175
Urea and Sulphur
48
48
119
167
By-products from Rice
85
75
159 709 361 75 1466
352
1819
Premixtures
212
40
108 35 19 20
436
37
474
Total
28376 5013 15943 4729 2549 3770 60380
1890
62270
1
