58
M
arch
2011
²Integral Consulting Inc., 1205 West Bay Drive, Olympia, WA
98502, USA.
³ Corresponding author: Wen-Xiong Wang, Department of Bi-
ology, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
(HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. E-mail:
.
Newton, J. Science of Hood Canal Hypoxia - Low dissolved ox-
ygen in Hood Canal. Accessed October 2009 from the Hood
Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program, Applied Physics Laboratory,
University of Washington:
.
edu/.
References
Bendell, L. I. and C. Feng. In press. Spatial and temporal varia-
tions in cadmium concentrations and burdens in the Pacific
oyster (
Crassostrea gigas
) sampled from the Pacific North-
West. Marine Pollution Bulletin.
Boyden, C.R. and D.J.H. Phillips. 1981. Seasonal variation and
inherent variation of trace elements in oysters and their impli-
cations for indicator studies. Marine Ecology Progress Series
5:29-40.
Brooks, K. 2006. Literature review and model evaluation describ-
ing the environmental effects and carrying capacity associated
with the intensive culture of mussels (
Mytilus edulis gallopro-
vincialis
). Report prepared for Taylor Resources, Southeast
130 Lynch Road, Shelton, WA 98584.
Denton, G.R.W. and C. Burdon-Jones. 1981. Influence of temper-
ature and salinity on the uptake, distribution and depuration
of mercury, cadmium and lead by the black-lip oyster
Sac-
costrea echinata.
Marine Biology 64:317-326.
HKFEHD (Hong Kong Food and Environmental Hygiene De-
partment). 2007. Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamina-
tion) Regulations. Available at:
-
lish/safefood/foodlaw_mc.html. Accessed January 2010.
Jackim, E., G. Morrison and R. Steele. 1977. Effects of environ-
mental factors on radiocadmium uptake by four species of
marine bivalves. Marine Biology 40:303-308.
Ke, C. and W-X Wang. 2001. Bioaccumulation of Cd, Se,
and Zn in an estuarine oyster (
Crassostrea rivularis
) and a
coastal oyster (
Saccostrea glomerata
). Aquatic Toxicology
56:33-51.
Kruzynski, G.M., R.F. Addison and R.W. Macdonald. 2002. Pro-
ceedings of a workshop on possible pathways of cadmium into
the Pacific oyster (
Crassostrea gigas
) as cultured on the coast
of British Columbia. Institute of Ocean Sciences, March 6-7
2001. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences 2405.
Lekhi, P., D. Cassis, C.M. Pearce, N. Ebell, M.T. Maldonado
and K.J. Orians. 2007. Role of dissolved and particulate
cadmium in the accumulation of cadmium in cultured oys-
ters (
Crassostrea gigas
). Science of the Total Environment
393:309-325.
Luoma, S.N. 1983. Bioavailability of trace metals to aquatic or-
ganisms – A review. Science of the Total Environment 28:1-
22.
MAPRC (Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of Chi-
na). 2001. Standards in Agriculture – Concentration Limits of
Hazardous Substances in Aquatic Products. (Translation may
not be perfect.), NY 5073-2001. September 2001.
NEI (Northern Economics, Inc.). 2008. Economic effects to Hood
Canal producers of reduction in oyster exports due to cadmi-
um. Prepared for Pacific Shellfish Institute, 120 State Avenue
NE #142, Olympia, Washington 98501.
Ng, T.Y-T, C-Y Chuang, I. Stupakoff, A.E. Christy, D.P. Cheney
and W-X Wang. In press. Cadmium accumulation and loss in
the Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
along the west coast of
U.S. Marine Ecology Progress Series.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
Fisheries. 2008. Office of Science and Technology. Foreign
Trade – Raw Data. Available at:
st1/trade/build_a_database/TradeSelectIndex.html. Retrieved
May 2008.
Paulson, A.J., H.C. Curl, Jr. and R.A. Feely. 1993. The biogeo-
chemistry of nutrients and trace metals in Hood Canal, a
Puget Sound fjord. Marine Chemistry 43:157-173.
Roesijadi, G. 1996. Environmental factors: Response to metals.
Pages 515-535 In Kennedy, V.S., R.I.E. Newell and A.F. Eble,
editors. The Eastern Oyster
Crassostrea virginica
. Maryland
Sea Grant College, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Schallie, K. 2001. Results of the 2000 survey of cadmium in B.C.
oysters. Presented at: Cadmium and Oysters Workshop. March
6-7, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. Canada.
Thomson, J.D. 1982. Metal concentration changes in growing Pa-
cific oysters,
Crassostrea gigas
, cultivated in Tasmania, Austra-
lia. Marine Biology 67:135-142.
USFDA (United States Food and Drug Administration). 1993.
Guidance document for cadmium in shellfish. U.S. Depart-
ment of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,
Office of Seafood (HFS-416), 200 C Street, SW, Washington,
D.C. 20204.
WDOE (Washington Department of Ecology). 2005. Marine Wa-
ters Monitoring Data. Available at:
-
grams/eap/mar_wat/mwm_intr.html. Accessed February 2010.
(Continued from page 13)
N
ew
C
oncepts
for
H
atching
Triantaphyllidis, G.V., T.J. Abatzopoulos, R.M. Sandaltzopoulos,
G. Stamou and C.D. Kastritsis. 1993. Characterization of two
new
Artemia
populations from two solar saltworks of Lesbos Is-
land (Greece): Biometry, hatching characteristics and fatty acid
profile. International Journal of Salt Lake Research 2:59–68.
Van Stappen, G. 1996.
Artemia
: Use of cysts. Pages 107-137
In
P.
Lavens and P. Sorgeloos, editors. Manual on the production and
use of live food for aquaculture. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Van Stappen G. 2003. Production, harvest and processing of
Ar-
temia
from natural lakes. Pages122-144
In
J.G. St
ǿ
ttrup and
L.A. McEvoy, editors.  Live feeds in marine aquaculture. Wiley-
Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey USA.
Van Stappen, G., L. Sul, N. Xin and P. Sorgeloos.2003. Characteri-
sation of high-altitude
Artemia
populations from the Qinghai-
Tibet Plateau, PR China. Hydrobiologia 500:179-192.
Vanhaecke, P. and P. Sorgeloos. 1982. International study on
Ar-
temia
. XVIII. The hatching rate of
Artemia
cysts - a compara-
tive study. Aquaculture Engineering 1:263-273.
Vanhaecke, P., A. Cooreman and P. Sorgeloos. 1981. International
Study on
Artemia
. XV. Effects of light intensity on hatching
rate of
Artemia
cysts from different geographical origin. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 5:111-114.
Vanhaecke, P. and P. Sorgeloos. 1983. International Study on
Ar-
temia
. XIX. Hatching data for ten commercial sources of brine
shrimp cysts and re-evaluation of the “hatching efficiency” con-
cept. Aquaculture 30:43-52.
1...,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59 61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,...76