Marine aquaculture, particularly in nearshore and offshore environments, is gaining traction as a sustainable solution to meet global seafood demand. However, this expansion often leads to conflicts with other marine activities, especially in sensitive ecosystems. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) provides a valuable framework for optimizing marine aquaculture site selection and expansion, minimizing environmental impacts, and promoting sustainable practices. This study focused on the application of MSP in Monastir Bay, Tunisia, one of the country’s key aquaculture zones, with a specific emphasis on Posidonia oceanica meadows, which support biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. We gathered data from 1,500 GPS observation points, using scuba diving surveys and artisanal fishermen’s reports, and cross-referenced them with bibliographic sources. GIS tools were used to map both the current distribution and potential areas where Posidonia once existed, emphasizing their regeneration potential. These areas were then integrated into seabed map layers to conduct a comprehensive assessment of benthic habitats and ecosystem services. The assessment revealed that nearly half of the benthic habitat types in the study area are highly vulnerable to aquaculture activities, underscoring the region’s ecological sensitivity. This vulnerability highlights the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate potential impacts on these critical habitats. By integrating ecosystem service assessments into aquaculture planning, this study offers crucial insights for decision-makers to ensure that development balances economic growth with environmental conservation. These findings contribute to the enhancement of sustainable aquaculture practices and align with the Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture (EAA), providing a model for future aquaculture development that respects marine ecosystems.
Keywords: MSP, EAA, Posidonia, Sustainable aquaculture, ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity mapping, Aquaculture site selection.