Although algal technology is a complementary technology that provides sustainability concerning global issues, microalgae-based technology is still incipient and hindered by technical and economic constraints. Major hindrances to the commercial viability of microalgae are the operational and maintenance costs associated with large-scale cultivation. Most microalga cultivation operations rely on improvised photobioreactor designs, of which open-pond systems are frequently considered for large-scale operations. A cost-effective cultivation system is needed to improve the sustainability and economics of microalga cultivation while minimizing space and culture contamination and maintaining the integrity of desired species. Different types of photobioreactors (PBRs) have been developed, and the designs have been improved from time to time to meet the need for commercial production. However, current designs of PBR can still be improved to lower costs, increase efficiencies, and maintain high productivity. More research innovation is required to develop and evaluate new and improved PBR systems with enhanced performance indicators because responses of specific strains cannot be inferred from other PBRs or culture conditions.