Small water bodies (SWBs) including ponds, reservoirs, and small lakes are the most abundant freshwater ecosystems globally and hold significant potential for fisheries development, contributing to sustainable food production, livelihoods, and local economies. Despite their abundance, SWBs have historically received limited attention in fisheries management plans. However, with declining fish yields from large lakes and rivers, there is a growing interest in utilizing SWBs for aquaculture and fisheries enhancement.
A study conducted in Nakuru County, Kenya, assessed the fishery potential of two SWBs—Lake Kenyatta and Solai Dam by examining their water quality, biological productivity, and fish populations. Sampling in April 2022 and 2023 revealed that water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen (mean of 7.0 ±1.44 mg/L in 2022 and 8.1 ±0.18 mg/L in 2023) and pH values within the recommended range of 6–9, were conducive for fish growth. Conductivity levels and nutrient concentrations, including nitrates and phosphates, were within tolerable ranges, although total suspended solids were high across all stations sampled.
The biological assessment indicated a healthy presence of zooplankton, with Copepod and Lovenula africana recording the highest bio-volume (260,010 individuals per litre), and phytoplankton species such as Ceratium hirundinella, Nitzschia palea, and Chlorella vulgaris showing high abundance (>100 individuals per litre). These findings suggest good ecological health capable of supporting fish restocking and farming. Fish sampling revealed that the sizes of Clarias gariepinus (mean length of 46.45±5.7 cm) and Oreochromis niloticus (mean length of 24.6±6.3 cm) were within the recommended table size ranges for harvesting. The condition factors for both species were above 1.00, indicating excellent growth conditions.
Based on these findings, the study recommended restocking the dams with C. gariepinus and O. niloticus, synchronized with seasonal water level fluctuations. Additionally, training local communities on fishing methods, processing, and fish marketing was advised to enhance fisheries development. Exploration of other SWBs in Nakuru County for potential fishery development was also recommended. These insights underscore the importance of integrating SWBs into fisheries management strategies to bolster food security and support the blue economy.
Key words: Nakuru, SWBs, Productivity, Fish, Restocking