Aquaculture plays a critical role in global food security, helping to meet the nutritional demands of a growing global population. By 2032, global fish production is projected to reach 202 million tons, with aquaculture expected to account for 55% (or 111 million tons) of this total.
Despite the impressive expansion of aquaculture—growing more than tenfold over the past three decades—concerns are increasing around its environmental sustainability, particularly regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are key GHGs associated with aquaculture, contributing significantly to the sector’s overall emissions footprint. Globally, aquaculture is responsible for up to 245 million tons of CO₂ equivalent annually.
In this discussion, we will explore the concepts and methods used to quantify GHG emissions from aquaculture, examining new technologies and models for accurate emissions measurement. We will also address future implications and the need to incorporate these emissions in national GHG inventories.