Antimicrobial resistance (AMR ), a true One Health challenge, is declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top 10 public health threats facing humanity . AMR bacteria, and the AMR genes and mobile elements that confer resistance , can readily transfer between human, terrestrial and aquatic systems. Antibiotics are widely used in aquaculture, as in other animal production systems, to control bacterial diseases. There is a concern that anti microbial use ( AMU) in many countries is not well controlled, posing potential risks that this will drive the emergence , maintenance and transfer of AMR. The steps that need to be taken in Africa and Asia to build the capacity to better assess, contain and mitigate these threats will be discussed. These include the development and implementation of effective regulations to control the sale and use of antibiotics in this sector. Effective surveillance is also needed to more accurately understand what antimicrobials (e.g ., antibiotics) are being used , assess AMU drivers , determine the distribution of resistant bacteria, and identify new and emerging AMR bacteria and genes in the aquaculture systems of these countries. To achieve these aims, it is critical that effective diagnostic capacity is available in countries to accurately identify and characterise AMR bacteria. Effective mitigations and interventions need to be developed and implemented, such as improved farming practices and biosecurity, effective vaccines and other treatments. Examples of how these capacities are being strengthened in major aquaculture-producing countries in Asia and Africa will be presented through various projects and initiatives led by WorldFish and partners .