Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation has been developing in Indonesia since 2002. Currently, vanamei shrimp has become one of the main export commodities for fisheries. The development of shrimp cultivation is supported by various types of cultivation technology. One of the newest technologies is millennial shrimp farming (MSF). Millennial Shrimp Farming (MSF) technology use circular pond with high stocking densities range from 250 to 500 PLs/m2. This technology is equipped by paddle wheel, aeration, automatic feeder and start up technology for water quality monitoring.
This study was conducted in 40 MSF circular ponds (20 m in diameter and 1.2 m in depth) from 2020 to 2023. Four shrimp disease namely White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Infectious Myo Necrosis Virus (IMNV), Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) and Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) were observed during this study. Growth and water quality were also monitored during this study.
Our study revealed that WSSV, AHPND, EHP and IMNV were found in shrimp cultured during the study period. However, only AHPND, EHP and IMNV were always found in every cycle of the cultivation. AHPND infected the shrimp under 30 days of culture. EHP and IMNV were found after 60 days of culture. The mortality rate ranged from 50 – 80 %. Productivity ranged from 3 to 5 kg/m2. ADG values in aquaculture ponds ranged from 0.3 – 0.4 g/day. The survival rate ranged from 61% to 90 %, and the feed conversion ratio ranged from 1.2 to 1.3. Water quality including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, TOM, alkalinity and nitrite indicate the optimal range based on water quality standards for intensive vannamei shrimp culture.
Our study concluded that to increase productivity, we should implement Good Aquaculture Practices including shrimp health management. Several ways can be done to apply shrimp health management in MSF namely strict biosecurity, using SPF PLs, application proper disinfectant, application probiotic to manage the total Vibrio, reduce the stocking density especially during rainy season, reducing mud deposits at the bottom of ponds by siphoning and regular water circulation. In the case that the death rate of shrimp affected by disease cannot be controlled, an emergency harvest must be carried out to prevent the spread of the pathogen.