Salah satu kendala dalam kegiatan budidaya ikan patin (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) adalah adanya penyakit Enteric Septicemia of Catfish yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri. Salah satu upaya pengendaliannya adalah menggunakan vaksin yang memiliki kompabilitas tinggi dengan agen penyebab penyakit tersebut . Vaksin dari isolat bakteri lokal umumnya lebih efektif dalam pengendalian penyak
it bakterial . Isolat berasal dari ikan patin siam yang memperlihatkan gejala terinfeksi ESC dan diidentifikasi secara biokimia dan serologi sebagai bakteri gram negative Edwardsiella ictaluri . Pembuatan vaksin dilakukan menggunakan metode pemanasan (heat killed) dan disimpan dalam larutan PBS. Penelitian ini menggunakan ikan patin siam ukuran 50-70 gram/ekor dengan perlakuan dosis pemberian vaksin 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL, 1010 cfu /mL dan PBS (kontrol). Hasil uji pathogenesitas diperoleh bakteri virulen dan nilai LD50 konsentrasi 0,13 x 108 cfu/mL. Pengamatan tingkah laku ikan diantaranya berenang vertikal , lemah , nafsu makan menurun . Pengamatan makroskopis ditemukan adanya bercak merah (hemorraghe ) pada kulit , abdomen membengkak , bintik putih (nodule ) pada organ hati , ginjal dan limfa . Pengamatan histopatologi pada organ hati memperlihatkan adanya piknotik , karioreksis , nekrosis , degenerasi melemak dan melano macrophage center . Kesimpulan bahwa vaksin E. ictaluri konsentrasi 108 cfu /mL dapat menekan kematian ikan patin siam.
Kata kunci: vaksin , Edwardsiella ictaluri , Enteric Septicemia of Catfish , ikan patin
One of the obstacles in cultivating catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus ) is the presence of Enteric Septicemia of Catfish which is caused by infection with the bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri . One of the control efforts is to use a vaccine that has high compatibility with the agent that causes the disease. Vaccines from local bacterial isolates are generally more effective in controlling bacterial diseases. The isolate came from Siamese catfish which showed symptoms of ESC infection and was identified biochemically and serologically as the gram negative bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. Vaccine production is carried out using the heating method (heat killed) and stored in PBS solution. This research used Siamese catfish measuring 50-70 grams/fish with vaccine doses of 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL, 1010 cfu/mL and PBS (control). The results of the pathogenicity test were virulent bacteria and the LD50 value was 0.13 x 108 cfu/mL. Observations of fish behavior include vertical swimming, weakness, decreased appetite. Macroscopic observation revealed red spots (hemorrhage) on the skin, swollen abdomen, white spots (nodules) on the liver, kidneys and lymph. Histopathological observations on the liver showed pyknotic, karyorrhexis, necrosis, fatty degeneration and melano macrophage center. The conclusion is that the E. ictaluri vaccine with a concentration of 108 cfu/mL can reduce the death of Siamese catfish.
Key words: vaccine, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Enteric Septicemia of Catfish, catfish