Aquaculture America 2024

February 18 - 21, 2024

San Antonio, Texas

SOFTSHELL CLAM Mya arenaria SURVIVAL, SHELL MORPHOMETRICS, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PREDATION IN RESPONSE TO SIMULATED OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING

Robert J. Holmberg*, Rachael Smith, Hannah Zuklie, Kassandra Root, Reena John, Maylee Sun, Brian Beal

 

Roger Williams University

1 Old Ferry Rd

Bristol, RI 02809

rholmberg@rwu.edu

 



 

The Gulf of Maine and its fisheries, valued at $574 million in 2022, are in the crosshairs of rapid climate change. In particular, ocean acidification (OA) is experimentally demonstrated to impact bivalve survival, growth,  and other sublethal endpoints,  with the earliest life stages expected to be most sensitive. Maine’s third most valuable commercial fishery - t he softshell clam, Mya arenaria - is  already  under  intense pressure from predation by the invasive European green crab , and OA may be another stressor challenging clam populations as climate change progresses.  A pair of experiments were conducted to investigate  the responses of Mya to anticipated future OA and warming scenarios. The first experiment analyzed Mya survival and shell morphometrics in response to 3 pH treatment levels (7.80, 7.50, 7.20) and 2 temperature treatment levels (18°C, 20° C) following exposure between 48 hours post-fertilization and settlement (14 days). The second experiment repeated that analysis with revised pH (7.80, 7.30) and temperature (18°C, 21.5°C ) treatment levels, and  subsamples of  experimental clams were  settled under experimental conditions, transferred to floating trays, and further reared under experimental conditions for an additional 2 months until they were large enough to transplant into recruitment boxes on a tidal mudflat in Beals, Maine.  Experimental clams were then subjected to a monthlong field trial consisting of pre-deployment pH and temperature treatment levels and a 2-level predator deterrent netting treatment (netting, no netting). At the end of the field trial, experimental clams were analyzed for post-deployment survival and growth.  The results of both experiments hint at how early-life stage Mya may fare in the future ocean ,  and the field trial  enables  an analysis of how stress sustained in early life stages may impact fitness in response to a real-world ecological interaction.