Shrimp aquaculture is a vital sector of Bangladesh’s economy, providing export revenue USD 300.26 million in 2022 and livelihoods for millions. Bangladesh is currently the 9th largest shrimp producer in the world, primarily cultivating black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). The industry has evolved from traditional to intensive, technology-driven farming systems, leading to increased production and export volumes.
However, the sector faces several challenges. Biological challenges include disease outbreaks caused by viral pathogens such as the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), early mortality syndrome (EMS), and bacterial infestations like Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), vibriosis. Environmental challenges encompass water quality, mangrove conservation, effluent management, and land use conflicts. Social challenges involve ethical labor practices and human rights. The sector’s future lies in addressing these challenges while seeking growth and diversification. The implementation of advanced technologies like recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), biofloc technology, and genetic improvement programs are anticipated to enhance disease resilience and production efficiency. Sustainable practices such as certification schemes and organic farming are expected to expand market access and consumer demand. Responsible land use and mangrove conservation are crucial for mitigating environmental impacts and supporting biodiversity. Government and industry collaboration are essential for ensuring the sector’s economic and environmental sustainability. Investments in research, infrastructure, and training will significantly influence the future of shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh.