Food quality and quantity affect fish reproduction. Adequate protein is essential for egg development, spawning, formation of follicles, ovarian tissues, growth and development of embryo. Feed should be formulated to meet the nutritional needs of the reproducing fish which is the key factor of attaining desired brood and seed quality. The brood stock diet should be cheap, low cost, with low conversion efficiency and high conversion ratio with less wastage and will improve the reproductive potential and yield maximum production of fry, high larval survival and fry growth ultimately increasing the profit. A sustainable and cost effective technology for brood stock development and mass production of fry and fingerlings will be the key factor for developing aquaculture industry. A full and comprehensive understanding of reproductive mechanism, such as, gonadal maturation, fertilization success and larval quality is absolutel y essential for developing a sustainable and cost effective technology for broo d stock development and mass production of fr y and fingerlings, the ba sis for fish and shrimp culture industry. This emphasizes the importance of the role of nutrition on reproduction of fishes. Dietar y protein significantly affects fertility, gonad maturation, fecundity, hatching and viability of fish eggs and larval growth. Egg size and composition are useful indicators of seed producti on in terms of hatchability and larval quality. Larger fish egg size will eventually result in larger fr y at hatching. Larger fries possess the advantage of better survival and growth through more efficient pre y capture and tolerance to survival. The hatchery produced fish are better in captivity and survive longe r a nd attain maximum growth in the minimum duration of culture. Thus nutrition plays a major role in the reproductive performance and production of quality eggs and larvae which in turn enormously enhances gross fish production and improves fish culture trade globally.