Aquaculture 2022

February 28 - March 4, 2022

San Diego, California

FLUID DRAG AND INERTIAL FORCES ON GIANT KELP Macrocystis pyrifera IN CURRENTS AND WAVES DERIVED USING A FULL-SCALE PHYSICAL MODEL

Tobias Dewhurst1, Timothy Dewhurst1, David W. Fredriksson2, Alexander Laun3, William Beaver3, Michael Stanbro3


1Kelson Marine Co. 2 Portland Fish Pier Ste. 210, Portland, ME, USA

2Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA

3Hydromechanics Laboratory, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA

 



 Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is being investigated for large scale production of biomass for food, feed, fuel, and carbon sequestration. This requires a thorough understanding  of the hydrodynamics, including properties of both individual  kelp organisms and densely spaced groupings of organisms. T he drag (normal and tangential)  and added mass  of full-scale organisms  was evaluated  in currents ranging from 0.5 m/s to 5 m/s and oscillations with periods ranging from 3 seconds to 11 seconds. Key variables in the testing included the length of individual fronds , the number of fronds per organism ,  the spacing between organisms,  and the orientation of the aggregate kelp with respect to the current. A full factorial experiment was performed with drag testing at the United States Naval Academy.  The kelp models were constructed from synthetic materials to ensure consistency during the test runs.  The models were constructed to have the same  hydrodynamic  properties  as live  kelp by ensuring that the models ’ blade geometry,  net buoyancy, bending stiffness, and surface area were typical of real kelp.  The characteristics of  Macrocystis pyrifera vary widely between organisms in the same geographical region as well as in various locations around the planet. An extensive review of the literature was conducted to develop characteristics of a “typical” giant kelp organism. T he results are parameterized to allow applicability of these results to  a wide range of realistic Macrocystis pyrifera  as well as other kelp species.  An important goal of this testing was to provide reliable data for  representation of  Macrocystis pyrifera in  numerical models for the design  of giant kelp  cultivation systems. R esults  that  are presented  include physical characteristics of  Macrocystis pyrifera, physical characteristics of the kelp models constructed for this study, load cell data and images from the individual runs. Also presented is a detailed description of the procedures used to determine hydrodynamic characteristics  of kelp from the collected data and a summary of the hydrodynamic properties.