Aquaculture America 2020

February 9 - 12, 2020

Honolulu, Hawaii

EFFECTS OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEM TYPE ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN LETTUCE IRRIGATED WITH AQUACULTURE EFFLUENT

 
Kyle Hensarling*, Daniel Wells, Emmanuel Ayipio, Caroline Blanchard, Nathan Wallace-Springer, and Mollie Smith.
Department of Horticulture
Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849
krh0032@auburn.edu

Aquaponics is a rapidly developing technology that has potential to increase food production in urban and urbanizing areas. Although aquaponics is often promoted as a resource-efficient technology, nutrient supplementation is often required to optimize plant yields in aquaponic systems. An experiment was conducted at Auburn University to determine the effects of hydroponic system type on micronutrient uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) irrigated with aquaculture effluent. The experiment was a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments and four replicates. Each replicate contained 15 individual plants. Treatments were: 1) dutch bucket culture with a perlite substrate; 2) nutrient film technique; and 3) deep water culture. Aquaculture effluent was supplied from a biofloc-type recirculating aquaculture system producing nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). Nitrate concentrations in aquaculture effluent ranged from 350 to 600 mg L-1 during the experiment while pH and electrical conductivity remained relatively constant from 6.9 - 7.2 and from 1.2 to 1.5 mS cm-1, respectively. Plant dry mass was higher in dutch bucket culture compared to deep water culture and nutrient film technique, while deep water culture was higher than nutrient film technique. SPAD index was highest for dutch bucket culture and deep water culture. There were no differences in foliar nitrogen concentrations between hydroponic system type. However, iron uptake was significantly increased in dutch bucket culture and deep water culture compared to nutrient film technique. Although all plants were market size, those grown in nutrient film technique were not as marketable as those grown in the other systems due to obvious iron deficiency symptoms visible as interveinal chlorosis. It is likely that root interaction with particulate matter, both in dutch bucket and deep water culture, led to the increase in iron uptake for those treatments. It is also likely that bacteria present in biofloc scavenged scare iron from the aquaculture system which then became available to plants during their growth cycle. Aquaculture effluent was screened to remove most particulates before being introduced into the nutrient film technique system to avoid clogging the system which may explain why plants grown in that system exhibited iron deficiency and reduced yields. Iron supplementation may not be necessary in aquaponics as long as particulate matter is allowed to interact with plant root systems. Further research should focus on identifying and quantifying plant growth promoting bacteria in aqauponic systems.