This study aimed to determine the best practice in integrated rice fish in Malawi. The study was conducted at two research stations central region and southern region representing two different ecological zones and thirteen local farmers’ fish farms as on farm trials. The treatments for each farm included five trial practices which were; Kilombero rice and Oreochromis shiranus, Kilombero rice and Coptodon rendalli, Kilombero rice only, O. shiranus only and Coptodon rendalli only. Results shows that integration of Kilombero rice with Coptodon rendalli emerged as the most profitable and widely preferred option by farmers. This option consistently delivered high net returns and Marginal Rates of Return (MRR) exceeding the 50% threshold, making it suitable for scaling. In addition, rice-fish integration enhances climate resilience and food security. With climate change threatening traditional farming systems, rice-fish integration offers an adaptive solution that promotes resilience and efficiency, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, while promoting soil fertility and water quality. This integrated approach shows potential in mitigating the impacts of climate change by optimizing land and water use, and providing diversified income sources for farmers. Additionally, the presence of fish aids in pest control and nutrient cycling, leading to healthier rice crops and improved yields. Therefore, scaling up rice-fish integration in Malawi could contribute to sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, and rural development, warranting further investment and policy support.
Key words: Rural livelihoods, food security, pest control, soil fertility, agricultural productivity