Introduction
Oreochromis andersonii is a key indigenous aquaculture species in Zambia and for long has depended on genetically unimproved fish seed. One of the challenges in using unimproved strains, is their slow growth rate and higher feed conversion efficiency compared to improved commercial strains such as Oreochromis niloticus. The genetic improvement program (GIP) of Oreochromis andersonii, started with the objectives of improving growth and supplying high-quality genetically improved indigenous fish seed. The trait of interest is growth rate. This abstract outlines essential steps in the practical development of the GIP and highlights the lessons learned at each stage. These steps entailed establishing a nucleus site, collection of founder stock, disease screening, genetic characterization, staff engagement, hatchery establishment, egg incubation, nursing of fry in hapas and management of produced founder and successive generations.
Objectives
2. Document processes and lessons learned at each stage of the program.
3. Provide recommendations for future genetic improvement initiatives.
Methodology
Founder stocks were collected and screened for key tilapia diseases. Clean diverse broodstock were used as founders to ensure the establishment of a healthy and genetically diverse breeding program. Establishment of a functional and cost-effective hatchery for producing an adequate number of families simultaneously. Staff were trained and secure nursing and broodstock facility set up to manage and grow-out the produced generations.
Conclusion
The genetic improvement program for Oreochromis andersonii in Zambia has provided valuable insights into effective aquaculture practices. The GIP has been tailored to local environmental conditions and production system and will improve the genetic quality of available aquaculture seed, build national capacity in fish genetics and breeding and ensure equitable access to improved seed for small and medium scale farmers across the country. Key lessons include the need for comprehensive disease screening, the importance of genetic diversity, the role of skilled personnel, and the benefits of well-managed infrastructure. Future programs should build on these lessons to further enhance the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture in the region.