This study evaluated baobab (Adansonia digitata) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pulp powders as alternatives to synthetic vitamin-mineral premixes (SVMPs) in Clarias gariepinus fingerling diets. A completely randomized design was used to test five experimental diets; a 3% SVMP, 5% and 7% baobab pulp powder, and 5% and 7% tamarind pulp powder. Three hundred fingerlings were assigned to 15 experimental units with 20 fish/tank and fed at 3% body weight for 12 weeks.
Fish fed baobab-based diets (5% and 7%) showed similar weight gain and feed efficiency to those on SVMP, while tamarind-fed fish had lower growth and feed conversion efficiency, indicating poor nutrient utilization. Hematological analysis found no significant differences in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, or packed cell volume between baobab-fed and SVMP-fed fish, suggesting adequate physiological function. However, tamarind-fed fish exhibited anemia and physiological stress, likely due to tannins and phytates inhibiting nutrient absorption.
Baobab pulp powder appears to be a viable SVMP alternative, supporting growth, hematological stability, and favorable water quality. However, tamarind pulp powder requires further processing to reduce anti-nutritional factors. Future research should explore fermentation and enzymatic treatments to improve nutrient bioavailability and feed efficiency.