Tilapia and clarias are the main species farmed in Senegal. However, access to fish feed represents a major challenge, mainly due to the lack of local production plants and the high costs associated with importing quality feed. In addition, the use of plant protection products in agriculture poses risks to human health, the environment and biodiversity. Unfortunately, many pesticide users are often unaware of these risks. The aim of our study was therefore to assess the presence and quantity of pesticides and heavy metals in water (feed and livestock) and fish in the northern and southern zones of Senegal. First, a survey phase enabled us to take stock of the situation of fish farms integrated into agriculture. This phase was carried out using questionnaires previously drawn up with Sphinx® software. This was followed by water sampling campaigns to analyze the presence of plant protection products (PPP) and trace metal elements (TME). A total of 49 waters samples (feed and livestock) were collected between 2022 and 2023. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) using HPLC-LC20AD (Shimadzu, Marne-la-Vallée, France) coupled with a QTRAP® 5500 system (Sciex, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France). Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were measured in the dissolved phase by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The presence of certain PPPs such as Metolachlor, DEET and atrazine was noted, but only in small quantities. This is not a serious problem, although it does call for regular monitoring of water quality and practices. These results could contribute to the development of effective strategies to support fish farmers and farmers, and thus strengthen the competitiveness of the aquaculture and agricultural sectors in Senegal with regular monitoring and surveillance.
Key words : Water, phytosanitary products, trace metals, fish farming, agriculture, Senegal.