This study examined the cholesterol content and nutritional composition of periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) and octopus (Octopus vulgaris), sourced from the Okesiri Coastal water body in Ondo State, Nigeria. Despite the known nutritional benefits of periwinkle and octopus, there is no available information on their cholesterol content in Okesiri or how it varies with environmental factors and seasonal changes. This gap in knowledge poses a challenge for local communities that rely on these species for food and for managing their health risks associated with dietary cholesterol. Furthermore, understanding the proximate composition and how it fluctuates over time can inform better harvesting practices and conservation strategies. Mollusks, including periwinkles and octopuses, are known to be excellent sources of protein, essential amino acids, and various micronutrients
Over the course of the study, samples were collected each month, totaling 120 octopus and 240 periwinkle for the entire experiment (using 20 octopus and 40 periwinkle monthly). The research aimed to evaluate the cholesterol and nutrient content of these species. Samples were gathered during both the rainy and transition seasons. The cholesterol content was analyzed using the CHOD-PAP enzymatic colorimetric method, while proximate composition analyses were conducted to determine the fat, ash, protein, moisture, and carbohydrate levels. The results showed that octopus had a moisture content of 72.47 ± 1.3%, a fat content of 3.73 ± 0.2%, and a protein content of 9.23 ± 1.1%. In comparison, periwinkle exhibited a moisture content of 72.06 ± 1.2%, a higher ash content of 1.56 ± 1.3%, a fat content of 2.42 ± 0.2%, a protein content of 9.08 ± 0.6%, and a notably higher fiber content of 0.61 ± 0.4%. Carbohydrate content was also higher in periwinkle at 15.26 ± 0.8%. Cholesterol analysis showed that octopus contained a higher cholesterol level than periwinkle.
The cholesterol levels in octopus were consistently higher than those in periwinkle, which may be relevant for individuals monitoring cholesterol intake. Nonetheless, the moderate cholesterol levels in both species suggest they can be safely included in a balanced diet. In conclusion, both periwinkle and octopus offer valuable nutritional benefits, with octopus providing higher protein and fat, while periwinkle is a better source of essential minerals and fiber. Sustainable harvesting and careful environmental management are necessary to preserve and maximize these nutritional qualities. These findings offer insights into the nutritional and cholesterol profiles of these mollusks, highlighting their potential for dietary and aquaculture applications.