Aquaculture 2025

March 6 - 10, 2025

New Orleans, Louisiana USA

EFFICACY OF A RECOMBINANT PROTEIN VACCINE AGAINST LARGEMOUTH BASS VIRUS IN LARGEMOUTH BASS Micropterus salmoides

Miles D. Lange*, Julio C. García and Benjamin H. Beck

 

United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Research Service

Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit

Auburn, AL, USA

miles.lange@usda.gov

 



Aquaculture is considered one of the fastest growing food-producing industries worldwide and accounts for nearly 50% of the world’s food fish. Worldwide aquaculture annual economic losses due to fish diseases are estimated to be around $6 billion dollars. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are widely considered the most popular sport fish in the United States, however a growing demand for a steady supply of adult largemouth bass as food fish has increased in large cities (Chicago, New York, Philadelphia) and the most recent USDA Census of Aquaculture (2018) has shown yearly sales of $30 million dollars. Largemouth Bass Virus (LMBV), a member of the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae, is a cytoplasmic dsDNA virus that was originally identified in the Southeast U.S. in the early 1990s. Other isolates would later be identified throughout the world (Canada, China, Germany, India, Thailand). In the natural environment, the incidence of LMBV disease usually occurs during the summer, but largemouth bass infected with LMBV generally have no lesions or obvious symptoms, which makes diagnosis difficult. The lethality of LMBV is also problematic to establish as natural infections have a protracted acute phase and assessing mortalities is challenging in bodies of water, however laboratory challenges have indicated up to 100% mortality within a two-week period. Although significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of other diseases, no effective treatment for LMBV is available. Vaccination is one potential strategy to reduce the impact of LMBV; however, very little work has been done on the adaptive immune system of largemouth bass. We developed a recombinant LMBV protein (rLMBV) and evaluated its immunogenicity in vivo. Largemouth were injected with ISA 763AVG adjuvant only or a 70:30 adjuvant to antigen ratio using rLMBV and ISA 763AVG. All largemouth bass that received the rLMBV protein generated a rLMBV specific antibody response and there was a very statistically significant response between the vaccinated and adjuvant control. Most recently, a vaccine trial began to establish whether largemouth bass immunized with the rLMBV protein confer protection against an LMBV laboratory challenge. The outcome of this vaccine trial will be discussed.