Oysters are a benthic dominant, critical ecosystem engineer, and important fishery species in temperate estuaries worldwide. Despite their importance, oyster populations have declined globally. The Rappahannock River in Virginia was essentially closed to harvest for several decades due to epizootics and low oyster abundance. In 2007, the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) implemented rotational management in the Rappahannock River. VMRC created 6 management areas, where 2 areas are open per year and each area is open to harvest every 3 years. Oyster harvest rotation allowed for the reestablishment of an active fishery in the Rappahannock River. In addition, VMRC routinely performs shell replenishment, the provisioning of additional shell material or hard substrates, when the underlying reef falls below management thresholds. Oyster shells have high turnover rates and are a limited, expensive resource; thus, optimizing repletion efforts to maximize restoration success is critical to maintain ecosystem services and support local economies. This project integrates long term data sets including annual oyster population surveys, shell replenishment records, and commercial harvest reports to understand both biological and economic responses to shell replenishment. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to explore how harvester efficiency, market sized oyster abundance, recruitment, and the underlying reef structure respond to shell inputs. Research findings will be used to create a decision tool for managers to inform management decisions and replenishment practices.