Avian predation is a natural cause of fish mortality that could affect the fish population and has led to significant economic losses in aquaculture. Most fishes actively swim to the water surface either to gulp atmospheric oxygen during hypoxia or pick pelleted feed during feeding episodes, this phenomenon increases their exposure and vulnerabilities to avian predators. Fish exhibit complex behaviors in response to avian predation risk. While chemical cues have been studied for understanding antipredator behavior, the responses of Nile tilapia to predation risk in the wild and aquaculture have received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to simulated avian predation under varying environmental conditions, specifically focusing on the effects of hypoxia and feed availability. In this study, fifty unsexed tilapia of the same size were obtained during the trials. During the feeding trial, five different floating feeds were administered to the fish, and the time taken for them to feed was monitored using a stopwatch. The feeding trial was conducted both without predators (control) and with avian predators placed at varying distances (1m and 30cm) from the water surface. For the hypoxia trial, nitrogen gas was bubbled into the glass tank to displace oxygen until extreme hypoxia was achieved. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were measured at regular intervals using a multiparameter probe. The time taken to perform the avoidance response (ASR), the duration of ASR, and the number of fish performing ASR were measured in response to the avian predator under hypoxia conditions. These trials were replicated three times. The presence of an avian predator significantly affected the fish’s feeding behavior, with different responses observed based on the fish’s size. Additionally, the distance of the avian predator from the water surface affected the fish’s aquatic surface respiration behavior. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between hypoxia, predation risk, and fish behavior, suggesting the need for further research on how the individual differences among fish groups interact and shape the predator-prey relationship.