Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture 2024

September 24 - 27, 2024

Medellín, Colombia

BACTERIAL MONITORING OF QUEEN CONCH Aliger gigas HATCHERY AT THE PUERTO RICO NAGUABO AQUACULTURE CENTER

Julio C. García*, Benjamin H. Beck, Megan Davis, Troy J. Bader, Raimundo Espinoza, Benjamin R. LaFrentz, Victoria Cassar, Edna Díaz-Negron, Paola Sotomayor, Sol Marie Mendez, Brittany Martin, Kelly Simpson 

 

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service

Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit

990 Wire Road Auburn, Alabama 36832

julioc.garcia@usda.gov

 



The queen conch (Aliger gigas) is a marine gastropod predominantly found inhabiting sandy environments and shallow seagrass beds in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, and Bermuda. The queen conch holds great fisheries and cultural significance to communities in the Caribbean region, dating back to pre-Columbian times and is considered one of the most relevant species in the area. In 2024 the queen conch was officially listed as a threatened species under the endangered species act. The primary threats are overfishing from commercial, recreational, and illegal fishing activities and habitat degradation. Furthermore, marine environments have undergone significant alterations due to the impacts of climate change and urbanization in coastal regions. Additionally, there has been a marked increase in the frequency of disease outbreaks over the past several decades.   The Puerto Rico, Naguabo Aquaculture Center was established in 2019 to serve as a hatchery and nursery for the restoration of the queen conch in Puerto Rico. Since 2021 the USDA-ARS Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit has aided with the development of biosecurity procedures at the hatchery and conducted bacterial monitoring to address sporadic disease events. Since knowledge of queen conch diseases is limited, our objective was to identify and characterize bacteria associated with queen conch aquaculture. To collect bacterial isolates, samples from marine water, egg masses, larvae and juvenile queen conch were collected and inoculated onto a variety of bacteriological media including marine agar, sheep blood agar, TCBS and CHROMagar Vibrio selective media. Plates were incubated and monitored for 10 d at 28-35°C, and then individual colonies were selected based on morphology and passed to fresh media for isolation and identification. Identification of the bacteria to species was conducted by implementing a multifaceted approach including selective media profiles, Gram staining, Fatty Acid Methyl Esther (FAME) analysis, API 20E strips profiles, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Three predominant bacterial species were identified from the 16S sequencing analysis, including Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas mosselii. These results were supported by FAME and API 20E results that correctly identified the isolates to genus. Given the role of these three bacterial species in finfish and shellfish diseases, research is planned to determine their virulence and potential roles as queen conch pathogens. A greater understanding of queen conch diseases and identifying means of prevention are important for the conservation of this threatened species.