Successful marketing and sustainability efforts targeting invasive bluestriped snapper (ta’ape , Lutjanus kasmira) in Hawaii and lionfish ( Pterois spp. ) in the Caribbean as excellent cuisine support conservation efforts to control populations of these non-native species, while contributing to local food security and economies. Awareness campaigns have resulted in increased commercial harvest and fisher prices, as well as recognition and growth of complimentary industries including the animal f eed and leather markets. Similar harvest and utilization efforts for U.S. invasives including northern snakehead (Channa argus), blue and flathead catfish (Ictalurus furcatus and Pylodictis olivaris, respectively) along the eastern coastal water, as well as 4 carp species present throughout the Mississippi River drainage, need to be implemented as control measures, but also for optimization of sustainable protein sources.
Non-native carp species remain an established and nuisance group in US Midwest river systems, negatively impacting native aquatic ecosystems and water quality , recreation, and threatening ecology of not only the river systems but also the Great Lakes. Concentrated efforts and budget have been expended to limit spread; technical eradication approaches have had limited success, and market potential has not resulted in significant population declines . Although carp remain the highest volume aquaculture species globally (over $105 billion; growth >6%), a perception of low palatability and quality impedes food market growth in some locations, and optimal processing remains a challenge. Nutritionally, carp represent a low-fat, high protein nutrient resource, with an excellent amino acid profile and can achieve higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations compared with some marine species, thus adding health benefits to c onsumers.
Efforts need to be directed towards supporting the supply chain, d eveloping better carp products for human consumption from these invasives, and capitalizing on carp as an alternative protein for various animal feeds through improved harvesting and processing technologies that incorporate by- and co-products to build increased demand that also represents sustainability principles of responsible sourcing and circularity. Such actions will create employment opportunities while simultaneously offsetting some of the negative impacts of feed ingredients in the livestock, aquaculture, and pet feed industries , leading to ecosystem improvements and environmental benefits for widespread messaging.