Fish exhibit complex behaviors in response to hypoxia and predation risk. Most fishes actively swim to the water surface to gulp atmospheric oxygen during hypoxia and feeding episodes , this phenomenon increases their exposure to avian predators. While chemical cues have been studied for understanding antipredator behavior, the responses of Nile tilapia to predation risk in the wild and aquaculture have received little attention. In a recent study, the behavioral response of Nile tilapia to simulated avian predation, hypoxia, and feed availability was investigated. The presence of an avian predator significantly affected the fish’s feeding behavior, with different responses observed based on the fish’s size. Additionally, the distance of the avian predator from the water surface affected the fish’s surface respiration behavior. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between hypoxia, predation risk, and fish behavior, suggesting the need for further research on the individual differences among fish groups and their impact on the predator-prey relationship ventilation frequency when the avian predator was simulated except for small-sized fish. Future studies can focus on how the individual differences among fish groups interact and affect the predator–prey relationship.