Recent trends in Europe have presumably experienced a widespread decline in wild mussel (Mytilus edulis) populations , as well as in fishery and aquaculture (FAO stat 2004-2021) . However, in Denmark, a significant shift has occurred: mussel aquaculture production has recently surpassed traditional fisheries. While this transition toward shellfish aquaculture offers environmental benefits and introduces new mussels to the ecosystem, it also presents intricate management challenges, particularly in the realm of spatial planning.
This paper explores the evolution of on-bottom mussel farming practices, tracing their inception in 2004 and spanning the past two decades in Denmark (see Figure). It meticulously examines shifts in seed origin and relaying habits . It contrasts these developments with the concurrent decline in wild mussel populations and traditional fisheries, while also highlighting the rise of suspended mussel cultivation.
Amidst the evolving culture practices and the growing number of both bottom culture and suspended culture licenses, Denmark encountered a license moratorium in recent years. Ongoing research projects focus on assessing the cost efficiency of bottom culture, spatial planning, and mussel production carrying capacity. These endeavors aim to assist decision-makers in site selection for new mussel culture licenses. This paper also provides insights into the approach and some of the results of these research efforts.