Prawn is a freshwater species and is produced in rivers and estuaries. Due to the increasing and intensified production, bacterial diseases are now a major threat to prawn production. To reduce bacterial diseases, eco-friendly technology using probiotics has been developed to reduce disease-related mortality rates and increase farm productivity. This study assesses the technical efficiency of freshwater prawn farms and what effects using probiotics has on farm-level efficiencies. To achieve this, a stochastic frontier model was c omputed, incorporating the influence of the technical inefficiency effects. A sample covering 318 farms was collected in Bangladesh using a structured questionnaire. The mean technical efficiency score was 0.55 , which implies that if all farmers were producing like the most efficient farmers the production could be 0.45 without increasing the input use. The inefficiency model shows that using probiotics increases farmers’ technical efficiency and the comparative analysis showed that the mean technical efficiency score for probiotic users (0.78) is significantly higher than for non-users (0.36) at p < 0.05. The findings highlight that the adoption of probiotics offers a promising solution to enhance disease resilience and increase the overall technical efficiency of prawn production.