Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector and is becoming the primary source of seafood for human consumption. Selective breeding programs allow genetic improvement of production traits, such as disease resistance, but progress is slow due to the often limited heritability and complex genetic composition of the traits a s well as long generation intervals. New breeding technologies, such as genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to expedite genetic improvement which can contribute to sustainable solutions for aquaculture. Genome editing can rapidly introduce favorable changes to the genome, such as fixing alleles at existing trait loci, creating de novo alleles, or introducing alleles from other strains or species. The high fecundity and external fertilization of most aquaculture species, including Atlantic salmon can facilitate genome editing for research and application at a scale that is not possible in farmed terrestrial animals. We have in this context used gene editing in Atlantic salmon, with the long- term aim to address major bottlenecks of the industry. One of these is the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild populations, which is considered the most relevant long-term negative effect on the environment. The solution to this problem is the use of sterile fish . Here, we are working on methods for induced sterility involving gene editing. There are also sustainability issues associated with increased use of vegetable-based ingredients as replacements for marine products in fish feed, lowering the omega-3 content of the cultured fish. This transition comes at the expense of the omega-3 content both in fish feed and the fish filet of the farmed fish. Reduced fish welfare represents another obstacle, and robust farmed fish is needed to avoid negative stress associated phenotypes such as cataract, bone and fin deformities, precocious maturity, and higher disease susceptibility. Gene editing could solve some of these problems as genetic traits can be altered to create phenotypes of interest including disease resistance, sterility, and healthier fish fillets.