This research broadly explores women’s role in shrimp farming and processing industries in areas vulnerable to climate change. It specifically examines how women’s participation affects their livelihoods, whether there are any wage disparities and the intricacies that arise regarding the decision-making process and empowerment of women. A survey of 100 respondents from shrimp value chains in Khulna district, known for shrimp production but vulnerable to climate change, was conducted. Half of the respondents were producers, and half were from processing plants.
The study found that women aged 25-35 actively contribute to the shrimp industry through cultivation and processing. Their increased participation has also led to a significant shift in their livelihood status. This change becomes all the more noticeable during seasons susceptible to climatic changes when male members migrate for off-farm activities. Consequently, women take on all aspects of shrimp farming operations, showcasing their resilience and adaptability to environmental challenges.
Women in the shrimp industry face social barriers that limit their access to opportunities despite having decision-making power, specifically in times of worst climatic hazards. Male and female workers in the industry face wage disparities ranging from 10 to 20 percent (Table 1) in areas such as collecting shrimp seeds, farm labor, deportation work, and processing activities. Informal payment methods exacerbate the problem. To achieve pay equity between male and female workers, the study recommends a minimum 15 percent wage increase.
The WorldFish report reveals that about 80 percent of the casual workers in shrimp processing factories are women. However, less than 1 percent of the managers in these factories are women. This study emphasizes the required policy changes to promote gender equality and ensure fair participation of women in the shrimp farming and processing sectors, even in changing climate conditions. Strategic policy frameworks should prioritize women’s empowerment, equitable access to opportunities, and the elimination of wage inequities to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth in coastal shrimp farming communities.