Women play diverse roles within the global seafood system, and organizations globally have called for improved understanding of their contribution and influence to support gender-explicit policy. This paper uses a unique dataset of 150 fishery and 57 aquaculture case studies to compare gender participation and influence in global seafood systems and examine the relationship between gender participation and socioeconomic and environmental sustainability outcomes. N earshore fisheries and aquaculture, such as bivalve s, crabs, and seaweeds, have facilitated greater participation of women in the seafood sector; however, influence of women in decision-making is not equitable across countries. W ages and access to community services was also low in seafood sectors where women participation was high, suggesting inequities exist.