Nigeria’s aquaculture sector exhibits significant growth potential, driven by the growing young population and increasing domestic demand for fish as a vital, efficient, and affordable protein source. This country report underscores the sector’s growth trajectory, challenges, and opportunities.
Although, Nigeria produces 11.12 % of Africa’s aquaculture supply with 262,000MT, the country’s consumption of fish per capita at 13.3kg/p/yr is considerably lower than average global consumption of 20.5kg. Aquaculture also accounts for only 26% of current consumptions, lower than global contribution of 49.2% of total food fish supply. The data estimates high growth and investment potentials for the industry if its wicked challenges can be tamed.
Farmers utilize diverse systems, including pond, cage, and pen culture, adapted to reflect the unique socioeconomic dynamics of the industry. Production predominantly features catfish, tilapia, and shrimp, but diversification is becoming a strategic commercial focus.
Despite its promise, the sector faces enormous challenges. On a macro scale, the industry is challenged with inadequate infrastructure, limited access to credit, insufficient policy support, and sociopolitical and economic instability. Farm-level obstacles that impact farm productivity include input supply, particularly access to quality fingerlings, high quality feeds, and affordable technology. Post-harvest hurdles that require actions include impediments arising from unregulated product quality, certification issues, and market access complexities.
Key findings from the country report reveal that aquaculture production is steadily growing again after a 9.6% contraction in 2020 , providing substantial employment opportunities for youths, women, and rural populations. Policy and regulatory improvements are noted, but there’s a clarion call for more supportive and streamlined guidelines. In recent years, the amplified activism of non-state actors and stakeholder groups has catalysed government interest in the sector. Sustainable aquaculture growth for Nigeria also mandates conscious efforts at responsible environmental practices, with a focus on efficient water management and waste reduction.
In conclusion, the potential for investment, technology adoption, and capacity building in Nigeria is enormous. Nigeria’s aquaculture sector is a beacon in the quest to bolster food security and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Investment in technology, market development and expansion, and sustainable practices is pivotal to unleash its full potential.