Tilapia farming is a remarkable industry worldwide, with a substantial market share of approximately 9% of all finfish globally. Despite its economic importance, the rapid expansion of tilapia aquaculture, particularly in intensive culture systems, has raised concerns about its potential negative impacts on fish health, water quality, sustainability, and animal welfare. The application of animal welfare principles is essential to ensure the production of healthy animals and high-quality products, meet consumer demand for safe food, and safeguard animal welfare.
This study aimed to evaluate welfare parameters in tilapia farms in Thailand, with a focus on health, environment, behavior, and nutrition. Eight small-scale farms were assessed (Figure 1), and relative scores for the welfare indicators were compared. The study found differences in welfare behaviors during the catching process and variations in nutritional assessments, including feed amounts and quality, feed conversion rates, and K factor values. The study identified correlations between the nutritional, environmental, and health indicators, indicating opportunities to improve farming practices and enhance fish welfare. Farmers can improve their profits and provide healthier fish to consumers by improving welfare parameters, contributing to sustainable aquaculture practices. The study provides important insights for stakeholders in the aquaculture industry to promote animal welfare and sustainable practices.