Protein ingredients comprise more than 50% of a grower shrimp feed formula and carry the highest economical cost. Feed mills need to rely on a continuous and constant availability of high protein ingredients obtained mainly from capture fisheries, agriculture and animal rendering. Historically, fish meal has been the protein of choice due to its high bioavailability of nutrients and ability to stimulate feeding activity in marine shrimp. However, there is a growing move in the industry in the strategic and segmented use of fish meal in accordance to production stage (i.e. broodstock, larval, starter, and grower feeds) and intensification level. Over the past 30 years, the use of fish meal in shrimp feeds has drastically reduced from more than 25% in the 1990´s to an average of 12% or less in the past decade. There is also an ongoing shift from the use of fish meal made from forage fish to cheaper and more locally available sources of fish meal. The most common practice to reduce fish meal usage has been to rely on terrestrial plant protein by-products derived from agriculture, such as meals made from soybean, canola, corn and wheat. Feed mills have also relied on proteins supplied by rendering facilities, which convert inedible animal by-products obtained from the slaughtering or processing of poultry, swine, and cattle into meals. The major drawback on relying on these proteins is related to their lower bioavailability of nutrients, lack of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and poor attractability and palatability. Their advantages include a greater availability and more accessible prices compared to fish meal. From a nutrient-base formulation, fish meal can be replaced, partially or completely, in a cost-effective way with alternative feed proteins, as long as proper attention is given to the dietary level and digestibility of key nutrients. This makes the formulation process more complex and time-consuming as crude and digestibility levels of energy, protein, EAAs and total lipids from each raw material need to be estimated. However, if shrimp growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) still deteriorate, then this can be the result of other factors, including poor feed attractiveness and palatability. Fish meal-challenged diets appear to slow down shrimp feeding responses, increase feed wastage and FCR. Thus, there has been a growing use of feeding effectors in commercial shrimp feeds with the corresponding reduction in the dietary inclusion of fish meal. In the recent literature, krill meal has been the most studied feeding effector for shrimp. Krill meal has been recognized as one of the strongest feed attractant and palatability enhancers for penaeid shrimp. This present work summarizes the steps towards formulation of low fish meal feeds for juvenile L. vannamei.