The main direct energy use in shrimp aquaculture is for mechanical aeration. At shrimp farms where daily water exchange is practiced, considerable energy also is used to pump water. The primary embodied energy use is for feed, and feeds with a high fish meal percentage have an especially large embodied energy content. Energy use for edible shrimp meat (or shrimp protein) is greater than for equal portions of chicken, swine, or beef meat (or protein). Energy use in shrimp production could be substantially reduced by adoption of better mechanical aerators in Asia, and especially by replacement of the “long-arm” aerators in common use. Restriction in water exchange other than for prevention of excessive salinity, use of low-fish-meal content feeds, and careful feeding practices to maintain a low FCR also can lower energy use at shrimp farms.