Properly executed intensification helps the planet and helps the enterprise by making more efficient use of resources and producing products that cost less to produce per unit. This paper begins with a bird’s eye look at the state of the planet in relation to the major environmental problems, including climate change, ocean acidification, plastic residues, rates of extinction, and the state of world’s fisheries. Sustainability is defined according to different disciplines and a practical definition is presented in terms of resource use efficiency. The main recognized environmental impacts of aquaculture are reviewed with emphasis on their management and minimization. We end by discussing the future of aquaculture sustainability and the technologies that will make it more friendly to the environment.