Infectious diseases are a serious threat to global tilapia aquaculture. Recently, outbreaks of new viral diseases in cultured tilapia, including Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) have been associated with massive death and severe economic impact in many countries. For example, TiLV has been reported in 15 countries since its first report in 2014 . The affected fish showed signs of abnormal swimming, skin congestion, hemorrhage, abdominal swelling, skin erosion, and eye protrusion (Figure 1) associated with 80-100% mortality, causing high economic loss to fish farmers. The outbreaks usually occur after fish are transferred into ponds or cages in rivers or water reservoirs. Histopathological alterations include syncytial cell hepatitis, lymphocyte infiltration with foamy cytoplasm, depletion of red blood cells in the spleen and kidney (Figure 1). These emerging viruses can be transmitted via horizontal and vertical of infected broodstock. Despite this growing interest in these viruses, there is little knowledge that could lead to the sustainable management of the disease . Currently , there is no vaccine or antiviral therapy to prevent emerging virus diseases in tilapia, causing the diseases to regular spread and causing severe economic impacts to the industry. Interestingly, recent research indicated that tilapia produce an antibody response that provides protective immunity against subsequent emerging viral infection , suggesting that a promising vaccine candidate would prevent TiLV disease. Vaccines are also an important tool to lessen the use of antibiotics and reduce the spread of the virus in the environment.