The Aquaculture industry has witnessed an outstanding expansion during the last three decades. There has been a gradual shift from semi-intensive, low-input aquaculture practices to more intensive production systems, with increasing dependence on nutritionally complete diets, throughout the life cycle of farmed animals . This huge shift in aquaculture requires that more attention be given to aquaculture nutrition, nutritional formulation and aqua feed technology. In this regard, t he nutritional requirements and feeding practices of cultured aquatic species, should be a top priority, since f ormulation and production of well-balanced feeds are the most important requirements for successful aquaculture. Poor feed formulation and feeding practices can lead several “nutritional fish disorders”. This will likely lead to severe economic and environmental losses.
This review sheds the light on nutritional diseases of farmed aquatic organisms, including protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals disorders. Endogenous anti-nutritional factors and adventitious toxic factors present in foodstuffs are also highlighted. Morphological signs of nutrient deficiency and toxicity are presented and discussed, together with disease prevention and treatment protocols.