In Mexico in 2020, shrimp farming represented approximately 70% (155 thousand),of its total aquaculture production with a volume close to 219 thousand tons and with an estimated value of 1,700 million dollars. Other species such as catfish, tilapia, carp, trout, oysters, marine fish and molluscs, represent a low percentage, but in view of accelerated growth. The biggest problem that has been occurring in recent years in shrimp farms is the high mortality rates presented by the various pathogenic agents, whether they are bacteria or viruses.
To prevent the introduction of pathogenic organisms to shrimp farms. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of diseases in wild aquatic organisms (crustaceans), by the Real-time PCR method.
Samples of pleopod, gill and hemolymph were taken from wild organisms (shrimp and crab), they were organized by month of reception (Table 1), the total number of samples was 54 from three states: Baja California Sur (16), Sonora (22) samples and Tamaulipas (16). The samples were processed to extract DNA using the lysis buffer method and RNA using the RNA extraction solution method. Molecular detection was determined using the IQ REALTM IHHNV, WSSV, TSV and NHP-B kit (GeneReach Biotechnology), the 7500 Fast-Real PCR System Real-Time PCR kit (Applied Biosystems), and the 7500 Fast system software V1.4.2
The RT-PCR technique was performed for the following pathogens (WSSV, IHHNV, TSV and NHP-B), the results are presented in Table 1 and Figure 1.
It can be concluded that of the 4 pathogens analyzed in wild crustaceans, only the IHHNV virus was detected with a prevalence of 20%, which indicates a serious problem in wild populations, this could suggest that IHHNV could somehow be introduced to shrimp farms with negative results in production.