In this study, we are investigating the use of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) as an alternative fish protein/oil for aquaculture. American shad is a non-native species of the marine and inland waters of the Pacific Northwest. The population of shad have increased over the years since introduction to the West Coast in the late 19th century , and currently is the highest fish population in the Columbia River. Shad are believed to have a negative impact on native fish populations; and the population of shad is predicted to continue to increase as a result of global climate change. There is a limited commercial harvest and sport fishery for shad, but a large percentage of the population remains under utilized. Future global food security depends on innovations to meet the forecasted 50% growth in demand for protein, with a 50 million ton shortfall for seafood expected by 2030. Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food producing sector globally and could help meet this demand, but aquaculture feeds are currently derived from ingredients like fishmeal and fish oil from industrial fisheries which are limited in availability and subject to price volatility. The nutritional composition of shad (high in protein and fat) make them a good species for fishmeal and fish oil production, and their use in aquaculture feeds would consequently reduce pressures on industrial fisheries and increase the environmental sustainability of domestic aquaculture. Reduction in the shad population could also be an effective tool for enhancing the survival of native fish populations, especially listed ESA species.
Experimental sablefish feeds were prepared in house with shad meal replacing industrial sardine meal at 0%, 50% and 100% replacement. Juvenile sablefish were fed experimental feeds to apparent satiation for 10 weeks to evaluate the effect of shad meal on fish growth, feed intake , feed efficiency, whole body nutrient composition, and liver condition. Fish grew well during the study with excellent survival. R esults indicate shad may be a promising alternative feed ingredient for cold water marine fish feeds .