EVALUATION OF AQUATIC POLLUTION IN SELECTED ORGANS OF WILD FISH THROUGH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES

istopathological assessment has been considered an important indicator of environmental pollution. Untreated sewage and industrial wastes from Faisalabad city are disposed to River Chenab through different drains. Present research was planned to investigate the effects of freshwater pollution on wild fish samples. Sample of Wild fish Oreochromis niloticus were collected from upstream and downstream sites to the entrance of Chakbandi Main Drain in to River Chenab.Histological studies were performed on fish tissue specimens of liver and kidney.  Farmed fish and fish from upstream areas were used as control and fish collected from downstream sites were considered exposed to drain water

Haematoxylin Eosin stained histological  sections of different tissue of downstream specimen of Oreochromisniloticusrevealed necrosis, lifting of lamellar epithelium, hemorrhage and epithelial hyperplasia of gills, liver with vacuolated cytoplasm,  bile duct with proliferation and melanomacrophages, kidney withshrinked renal cortex, necrosis and dilation of renal tubules and splitting of muscle fiber and atrophy of muscle bundle. Whereas histological studies of upstream specimens of Oreochromisniloticusshown fusion of secondary lamellae and vacuolization in gills, liver hypertrophy, vacuolar degeneration and pyknotic nuclei Kidney, and splitting of muscle fibers and degeneration in muscle bundle. Histological sections of gills, liver, kidney and muscle of farmed fish were observed with normal architecture.  This study revealed that the Chenab River is being polluted due to the discharge of industrial effluents, sewage run off from different cities and industries through different drains whose effects are reaching in inhabitants particularly in fish.