Historical global p roduction of shrimp has seen enormous growth, with a typical cyclical pattern in production volumes. This cyclical pattern is mainly caused by increasing and varying disease pressures compensated with new developments in technology in husbandry, feeds and genetics. Worldwide shrimp farming is now heading towards controlled production and intensification, in line with historical development in longer established domesticated terrestrial and aquatic species to create stable production.
T he shift to intensive controlled environments also requires breeding programs to change . We will demonstrate how g enotypes interact with culture environment and how breeding programs can use this to optimise production in specific environments. To further improve the rate of change and to maximise production, l arge scale shrimp breeding programs should implement the latest genomic technology. I ntegration of genomic selection in breeding programs for terrestrial and other aquaculture species has enhanced the rate of genetic improvement. Similar changes in the rate of genetic improvement can be expected for shrimp. However, integration of the multiple "omics" resources now available (genome assemblies, transcriptomes, linkage maps, and proteomes) is likely to be critical to exploiting these currently isolated resources. A t this stage, in shrimp this integration is at a much less advanced stage than other aquaculture species. Highlights and expectations of the recent advances in "omics" research , particularly for the implementation of genomic selection, will be given.