Since the occurrence of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Asia, shrimp industry has gradually switched from wild Penaeus monodon broodstock to SPF Penaeus vannamei broodstock in most affected countries. One of the main reasons for this major change was that very few domestication programs were successful in P. monodon, which has the reputation to be technically more difficult to control. Madagascar is one of the places where it occurred, since 1998. Twenty years' experience domestication and SPF program will be described, and benefits for the Madagascan industry pointed out. Potential application to asian shrimp industry current production issues will be developed, and future challenges to revive P. monodon industry in its native continent described.