A study was carried out on a sample size of 80 with a view to highlight gender roles in matrilineal society in respect to fishery sector. Study was done in 5 districts of Meghalaya viz. East Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, North Garo Hills, Ri-Bhoi and East Khasi Hills. Personal interview coupled with focus group discussion was conducted employing snowball technique of sampling. First objective was to study gender roles with regards to matrilineal society and to document the contribution of women towards their family income. In context of fisheries, activities ranging from pre stocking to post stocking activities including marketing activities were studied for both genders. Average annual income showed a plausible difference in the income earned by men and women. Women had high contribution towards family income and their contribution towards saving was 60%.Second objective was to undertake gender based Time Use Survey (TUS) in fisheries as well as agriculture and horticulture and to statistically test if there exists any significant difference among these sectors. Activities that receive remuneration were recorded as per the classification of United System of National Accounts (UNSNA) as SNA, productive activity that did not receive remuneration were extended SNA and time spent on personal activities were Non SNA. Time spent on SNA and Non SNA activities for women was observed to be less than male counterparts in general; however the trend reverses in respect of extended SNA. Time spent on SNA activities in fishery sector was higher for women (0.56 hours) than men (0.42 hours). Furthermore, study on agricultural activities employing TUS presents slightly different findings wherein the extended activities shows higher for women (6.59 hours) than male counterpart (3.5 hours) the trend reverses in case of SNA activities as men (3.5 hours) were observed to spent more in comparison to the amount of time spent by the women (0.30 hours). As far as horticulture is concerned the time spent on SNA and extended activities shows maximum participation for women than men. Time spent on SNA activities were estimated at 2.9 hours for women and 1.42 for men. With respect to extended activities in horticulture the time spent by men and women were estimated at 2.3 and 2.5 hours respectively. T test was undertaken with the view of testing the hypothesis and the revelation implied that there is significant difference between the time spent by men and women in different activities under different sector. Third objective was to document constraints and formulate gender neutral policy. Timely availability of input and the need for credit was observed as the major constraint highlighting the need for policy makers to incorporate basic needs to achieve self sufficiency in fish production besides strengthening the extension farmer interface. Mann Whitney U test was applied in the study to assess the significant difference with respect to the constraint faced by men and women. Significant differences were found for low level of education, mobility, awareness training and the availability of market. The study has revealed that women are playing significant role in fisheries as well as other sectors. Even in matrilineal society of Meghalaya, gender differences exist between the number of hours spent on SNA and Non SNA activities. Contribution of women towards family income is high. Regarding constraints faced by them too, gender differences exist. This study is in interest for economic policy to answer questions such as how to arrive at more inclusive economic growth, calling for enhanced integration of the results from micro-surveys to the system of national accounts