26 MARCH 2026 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Horabagrus nigricollaris, commonly known as the black-collared yellow catfish, is a medium-sized catfish endemic to the Western Ghats of India (Figure 1). This species has garnered significant attention in both ornamental and food markets, due to its striking appearance and unique behaviors. The goldenyellow coloration, accented by a distinctive black collarlike patch around its neck, makes it highly sought after in the international aquarium trade, resulting in elevated market prices for this rare fish. Reaching a maximum length of approximately 27 cm (Menon et al., 1999) H. nigricollaris is characterized by its sleek body shape, which differentiates it from other species within its genus. However, its distribution is extremely limited, primarily confined within the Vettilapara area of the Chalakudy River, Kerala, which serves as its type locality. This restricted habitat contributes to its classification as “endangered” in the IUCN Red list. Concerns about its survival are rising amidst environmental disturbances that could lead to rapid population declines. Conservation efforts are currently focused on aquaculture as a viable strategy for ensuring the sustainability and protection of H. nigricollaris. Aquaculture presents a promising avenue for recovering the species from threats posed by habitat loss and over-exploitation. Studies indicate that this species exhibits low genetic heterogeneity, highlighting the need for comprehensive fishery management and conservation strategies to enhance its population viability. As awareness grows regarding the ecological importance and ornamental value of H. nigricollaris, ongoing efforts aim to develop effective breeding techniques and promote responsible aquaculture practices. This approach not only seeks to replenish natural populations, but also supports local economies dependent on this unique catfish species. Broodstock Management Adults weighing 50-100 g are maintained in pond cages. Good water quality and a nutritionally balanced diet are essential for broodstock to reach maturity under captive conditions. It is recommended to transfer the adult fishes to cages at least six months before the breeding season. They are fed twice daily with a fishmeal-based feed containing 30-35% protein at a rate of 2-3% of their body weight. One month before breeding season, fishes are moved to indoors and provided a specialized diet, including shrimp, clam meat, and fish eggs. Water quality in the Captive Breeding: A Strategic Approach for the Recovery of the Endangered Catfish Horabagrus nigricollaris, Endemic to the Western Ghats, India Abhilash. C.P, Charan Ravi, Saikrishnan KR, Sarath Varghese, T.T Ajith Kumar and V. S. Basheer FIGURE 1. Horabagrus nigricollaris, photographed by the first author. FIGURE 2. Life cycle of H. nigricollaris, by the first author. Conservation efforts are currently focused on aquaculture as a viable strategy for ensuring the sustainability and protection of H. nigricollaris. Aquaculture presents a promising avenue for recovering the species from threats posed by habitat loss and over-exploitation.
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