WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2026 79 Cost-Efficient Fish Feed Formulation, continued from page 51 technology adoption rates, while the cost savings per kilogram would be USD 0.10. At full (100%) adoption of optimized feed, the total annual cost savings are estimated at USD 77.0 million. At an 80% adoption rate the savings would amount to approximately USD 61.6 million. Even with a 50% adoption rate, the projected savings would be USD 38.5 million annually. These figures highlight the substantial monetary benefits of promoting and disseminating optimized feed formulation technologies among feed producers and carp farmers in Bangladesh. Concluding Remarks Feed constitutes the major operating expense in carp aquaculture in Bangladesh, often accounting for over half of total production costs. This study demonstrates that linear programming can effectively reduce feed costs in carp aquaculture in Bangladesh by optimizing ingredient selection to meet nutritional requirements at minimum cost. Such savings are especially critical in dealing with rising input costs and feed prices. The suggested feed ingredients were based on the prevailing market prices of available feed ingredients. If the relative prices of the feed ingredients significantly change, then we must re-run the LP program to match the changed input price. Future research should explore dynamic pricing models and nutrient variability to refine LP-based feed systems under realworld conditions. Notes FMS Abdal* is a Ph.D. student, and Dr. Uttam Deb is an Associate Professor at the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, USA. * Corresponding Author: abdalf5786@uapb.edu References DoF. 2024. Yearbook of Fisheries Statistics of Bangladesh 2022– 2023. 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