WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2026 47 TABLE 1. Spawning and hatching performance of Black Spot Snapper from 28th April to 5th May 2024. Female: Male ratio in the spawning tank 2:1 (44♀: 27♂) Water temperature (°C) minimum 26 maximum 28 Salinity (ppt) 35 Collected number of eggs (x106) Total 4.20 Fertilized 2.40 Unfertilized 1.80 Incubation period (hrs.) 24 Number of larvae hatched (x106) 0.41 Hatching rate (%) 17.1 (CONTINUED ON PAGE 48) dark) and salinity was maintained at 35 ppt. Algae, Nannochloropsis sp, was added to the larval rearing tanks (LRTs) from day 1 post hatch (1dph) until 30 dph at a daily rate of 200 to 300 liters to maintain 40,000 cells/ml. Rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis (100150 µm) enriched with Red Pepper was served from 2 dph to 20 dph thrice a day at 5 - 15 rotifers/ml. Artemia nauplii were fed at 2 individuals/ml from 13 dph to 15 dph. Enriched artemia nauplii were fed to the larvae from 15 dph to 30 dph at 5-10 individuals/ ml. Artificial diet, Gemma micro 150 (100-200 µm), was fed from 14 dph to 19 dph, Gemma micro 300 (200-300 µm) was fed from 20 dph to 25 dph, Gemma wean 0.2 (250 – 400 µm) was fed from 26 dph to 30 dph and finally Gemma wean 0.3 (350 – 500 µm) was fed from 31 dph to 40 dph. FIGURE 3. Embryonic development of L. ehrenbergii (A) 8 cell stage, (B) 16 cell stage, (C) Morula stage, (D) Early blastula stage, (E) Early gastrula, (F) Late gastrula, (G) Developing embryo, (H) Fully developed embryo and (I) Newly hatched larvae. A b c d e f g h i
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