WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • JUNE 2025 53 regions in India and more importantly Gujarat, have seen a ray of hope for revival and stability in terms of production and profitability. The resurrection of black tiger farming was possible due to various reasons: • Improvement in domestic SPF genetics (domesticated broodstock). • Establishment of broodstock multiplication centers and dedicated hatcheries in P. monodon producing regions such as China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Madagascar, Malaysia and India. • Tolerance of high temperature and resistance to EHP. • Good growth rates. Moana technologies and Chaoren Pokphand group offer lines with growth to 40 to 45 grams in 110 to 120 days which is an average daily growth rate of 0.37 grams, significantly higher than conventional wild stocks at 0.25 grams average daily growth. • More importantly, domesticated broodstocks have resulted in increases in black tiger production, especially from China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Madagascar, India and Malaysia (ShrimpInsights, 2022). • In India, there are predominantly three genetics currently available for seed supply and they are from Moana Technologies, Unima in Madagascar, and the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA). All these factors, including the availability of the SPF seed, have resulted in the revival of black tiger in India, especially in Gujarat and certain higher salinity regions, more particularly East India. The farmers who are failing in vannamei farming due to disease, production efficiency and current farm gate prices are gradually shifting to SPF black tiger farming. The gradual increase in black tiger production in India is attributed to bigger size and high profit margins for the farmers. The increased genetic potential of domestic P. monodon to reach sizes above 50 grams results in premium prices and higher profits. TABLE 3. Gujarat Comparative economics of 30 count P. monodon vs L. vannamei: Present day. Particulars P. monodon L. vannamei Remarks Cost of production (in USD/Kg) 4.10 3.90 High costs of feed and seed compared to L. vannamei. But better survival and growth potential to reach 50 gram and above. Total cycles per annum 1 2 In India. Gross profit per crop (in USD/Kg) Up to 1.8 to 2 Up to 0.60 to 0.80 Over the years disease issues and rising with 10 pcs/m2 with 30 to 40 pcs/m2. costs of production have made replicating success for vannmaei very difficult. Black tiger gives an average survival rate of 70 to 75%. Net profit per annum 8000 to 9000 6000 to 8000 Even 2 crops of vannamei makes it very (in USD/ha) per ha/year per ha/year difficult to surpass the profit margin made P. monodon. Due to reductions in success rates, high temperatures and vibrio issues it has become difficult for vannamei to reach 30 count size. TABLE 2. Comparative economics of 30-count P. monodon vs L. vannamei: an example as per the early days post-introduction of L. vannamei. Particulars P. monodon L. vannamei Remarks Cost of production (in USD/Kg) 2.11 1.76 Lower input costs of feed and higher production in L. vannamei. Total cycles per year 1 2 Potential to increase production per unit area. Gross profit per crop (in USD/Kg) Up to 1.4 with Up to 1.2 with Advantage is more stocking per m2 and 10 pcs/m2 25-30 pcs/m2. high production capacity per unit area. Net profit per annum (in USD/ha) 5800/ha/year 11,500/ha/year (CONTINUED ON PAGE 54)
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