WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • MARCH 2025 33 In Trial 1, using the backyard production system, fry fed with Natura consumed 50% more dry feed per thousand fish compared to the Control group. However, in Trial 2, which used an advanced production system, dry feed consumption was similar between treatments Salinity testing of the fry in both trials, combined with KaplanMeier survival analysis, revealed that those fed the Natura protocol exhibited greater stress resistance (p < 0.001) (Figure 7). Asian seabass larvae reared on a reduced enriched rotifer regime with early dry diet introduction exhibited similar growth, improved performance, and higher survival rates compared to those reared under a standard feeding protocol. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Asian seabass larvae can be successfully reared with a reduced rotifer feeding regime, achieving high survival rates and good fry quality when using proper live feed enrichment and a balanced diet from the early stages of exogenous feeding. The importance of live feed enrichment, a well-established practice in European aquaculture, should be emphasized in Asian aquaculture hatcheries to improve larval rearing success. A high-quality diet is fundamental to optimal growth and fry quality in Asian seabass. The Natura pRo and ExL diets, originally developed for European finfish species, demonstrated remarkable versatility under tropical conditions. Notes V. Carbone1*, A. Shinn7, H. Crieloue2, A. van Amerongen2, I.N.A. Giri3, Haryanti3, Y.N. Asih3, Sudewi3, N.W.W. Astuti3, A. Muzaki3, K. Mahardika3, I. Mastuti3, I.G.N. Permana3, C.B. Koh4, W.L. Quek4, Y. He4, R. Hidajat4, T. Kunthahong5, F. Lenzi1, T. De Wolf1, G. Rombaut6 and S. Debono8. 1 INVE Aquaculture Research Centre, Rosignano Solvay, Italy; 2 INVE Indonesia, Banten, Indonesia; 3 BRIN (Badan Riset Dan Inovasi National), Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali 81155, Indonesia; 4 Marine Aquaculture Centre, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore; 5 INVE Thailand, Phichit 66220, Thailand; 6 INVE Technologies NV, Dendermonde, Belgium; 7INVE (Thailand), 471 Bond Street, Bangpood, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand; 8 Blue Aquaculture service LTD TAB1 house, Carmen Mallia Street, San Gwann, SGN 2202, Malta. * Corresponding author: v.carbone@inveaquaculture.com References Boeing, P. (2020) Aquaculture of Asian seabass or barramundi. Global Aquaculture Advocate. Available at: https://www. globalseafood.org/advocate/aquaculture-of-asian-sea-bass-orbarramundi/ FAO FishStatJ (2024) FishStatJ, a tool for fishery statistics analysis. Release: 4.04.00. Berger, T., Sibeni, F. & Calderini, F. (Eds.) Fisheries and Aquaculture Division (NFI), Statistics and Information Branch (NFIS), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. Available at: https://www.fao. org/fishery/statistics/software/fishstatj/en FIGURE 6. Rotifer consumption (Mill/Mill fry) at first grading in Trial 1 using a backyard production system (left) and in Trial 2 using an advanced production system (right). FIGURE 7. Mortality rate of larval barramundi during a 60 min salinity stress test at 24 dph (70 ppt) in Trial 1 using a backyard production system (above), and during a 90 min salinity stress test at 33 dph (75 ppt) in trial 2 using larvae reared in an advanced production system (below). This study demonstrates that Asian seabass larvae can be successfully reared with a reduced rotifer feeding regime, achieving high survival rates and good fry quality when using proper live feed enrichment and a balanced diet from the early stages of exogenous feeding. The importance of live feed enrichment, a well-established practice in European aquaculture, should be emphasized in Asian aquaculture hatcheries to improve larval rearing success.
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