VOLUME 55, NUMBER 3 THE MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 2024 W RLD AQUACULTURE THE AQUAFORT: a low-profile user-friendly approach to nearshore IMTA
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 1 WORLD AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE WORLD AQUACULTURE magazine is published by the World Aquaculture Society. The home office address is: World Aquaculture Society, PO Box 397, Sorrento LA 70778-0397 USA. P and F: +1-225-347-5408; Email: JudyA@was.org World Aquaculture Society Home Page: www.was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY OFFICERS, 2024-25 David Cline, President Humberto Villareal, Immediate Past President Wendy Sealey, President-Elect Matt Parker, Treasurer Rumaitha Al Busaidi, Secretary DIRECTORS Angela Caporelli Hillary Egna Shivaun Leonard Catriona Macleod Yahira Piedrahita Brian Small Bakare Mariam Oyinade, Student Director CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Foluke Omotayo Areola, African Bibha Kumari, Asian Pacific Ik Kyo Chung, Korean Francisco Javier Martínez Cordero, Latin America and Caribbean Abigail Bockus, USAS HOME OFFICE STAFF Judy Edwards Andrasko, Director, JudyA@was.org Killian A. Haydel, Assistant Director, killianh@was.org WORLD AQUACULTURE EDITORIAL STAFF C. Greg Lutz, Editor-in-Chief Mary Nickum, Editor Cecilia C. Nichols, Editorial Assistant Linda Noble, Layout Editor WAS CONFERENCES AND SALES John Cooksey, Executive Director of Conferences and Sales World Aquaculture Conference Management P.O. Box 2302, Valley Center, CA 92082 P: +1-760-751-5005; F: +1-760-751-5003 Email: worldaqua@was.org MANUSCRIPTS AND CORRESPONDENCE Submit manuscripts as Microsoft Word files to C. Greg Lutz at glutz@agcenter.lsu.edu AND Mary Nickum at Editor@worldaquaculture.us. Letters to the Editor or other comments should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief at glutz@agcenter.lsu.edu. WORLD AQUACULTURE (ISSN 1041-5602), is published quarterly by the World Aquaculture Society, 6203 Jonathan Alaric Avenue, Gonzales, LA 70737 USA. Individual subscriptions are a benefit of membership in the World Aquaculture Society. Annual membership dues: Students, $45; Individuals, $90; Corporations, $295; Sustaining, $155 (individuals or non-profits); Lifetime (individuals) $1,400. ©2024, The World Aquaculture Society. W RLD AQUACULTURE VOL. 55 NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2024 13 WAS participates at FAO’s 36th Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Meeting Blessing Mapfumo and Antonio Garza de Yta 14 the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Editor’s Choice Awards 16 The State of the World Aquaculture Society Humberto Villarreal 17 In Korea, Local Governments and Institutes are Spurring Research on Regional Varieties in Response to Climate Change Jin Hyeon-Kyeong 20 The Role of Polychaete Worms in the Global Shrimp Farming Industry and Joe Mountain, the Man Who Made it Happen Lorenzo Juarez, Tony Schuur, Bill MacGrath and Kirk Pendleton 22 Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission and the Achotines Laboratory: Four Decades of Continuous Research on Tropical Tunas Yole Buchalla, Daniel Margulies, Susana Cusatti, Eblin Pereira and Vernon Scholey 30 Aquaculture Sector in Tunisia: Current Status and Development Diagnosis Mohamed Salah Romdhan, Naoufel Romdhan, Nadia Chérif, Mohamed Salah Azaza and Hechmi Missaoui 34 AquaFort, a Floating, Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture System Michael D. Chambers, Michael Coogan, Michael Doherty, Erich Berghahn and David W. Fredriksson 39 Is Technological Intervention Feasible for the U.S. Shellfish Aquaculture Industry? A Case Study from Maryland Oyster Farms Renu Ojha, Jonathan van Senten and Allen Pattillo 45 Progress in the production of the macroalga Ulva spp. in an Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture with biofloc System Andrezza Carvalho, Alessandro P. Cardozo, Rafaela Crespo, Marcelo Tesser, Geraldo Foes, Dariano Krummenauer, Gamze Turan, Wilson Wasielesky Jr. and Luis H. Poersch 52 Captive Propagation Through Bifurcation: Sea anemones, A Model for Bridging Trade and Conservation Needs Sheena Jose, T.T. Ajith Kumar and Kuldeep K. Lal 54 Capsalid Monogeneans as a Potential Cause of Fish Disease: A Threat to Aquaculture Isabel Valles-Vega, Rosa María Medina-Guerrero, Selene María Abad- Rosales, Rodolfo Lozano-Olvera, Francis Isela Marrujo-López and María Isabel Abdo-de la Parra 56 “What’s in the Water?” The Study of Shrimp Pond Microbiomes and Their Relationship to White Feces Syndrome Outbreaks Susan E. Knudson, Luke S. Keeton and ChaithanyaKrishna Reddy Noti 61 Sereia Films: Promoting Sustainable Seafood through Storytelling Jazmine Evans 64 USAS Student Subunits: History and Impact J. Grenn, M. Walsh, K. Hartman, C. Engle, A. Kelly, D. Cline, R. Lochmann and D. Straus COVER: The University of New Hampshire has been developing nearshore aquaculture systems that can be adopted by fishermen and support local seafood production. See page 34. (CONTENTS CONTINUED ON PAGE 2)
2 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Contents (continued) 2 President’s Column 3 Editor’s Note 4 Asian Pacific Chapter Report 6 Latin American and Caribbean Chapter Report 8 Korean Chapter Report 11 African Chapter Report 15 USAS Chapter Report 68 Conference Calendar 69 Future Conferences and Expositions 70 Membership Application President’s Column 1. The Future of Aquaculture 2. Where Does my Seafood Come From? 3. Alternative Feed Ingredients for Aquaculture 4. The Socioeconomic Impacts of Aquaculture 5. Aquaculture and Climate Change 6. The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries: Aquaculture Thank you to the WAS staff and conference organizers who provide the outstanding meeting opportunities to network and grow our knowledge. The regional chapter meetings are excellent arenas for gathering experts with special knowledge of local conditions, challenges and opportunities. The annual global meetings offer even greater exposure to the latest innovations and advances. These events are the anchor of our society and are among the primary benefits of membership. The recent AQUA 2024 joint meeting of the World Aquaculture Society and the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) was a resounding success. Here are some statistics from the meeting: • Total Attendees: 3,684 • Countries Represented: 80 • Students: 382 • Abstracts Submitted: 1,132 • Booths: 235 • ePosters: 275 • Oral Presentations: 945 • Sessions: 66 Thank you to our members and readers who support the society, our meetings, publications and each other. The board is here to serve you, and we welcome your input on how to make the society better. If you would like to participate on one of our committees, I am sure the committee chairs would appreciate your assistance. You can find a description of the committees in section 9 of the bylaws at https://was.org/page/ByLaws.aspx. We are in the process of updating the bylaws, the WAS policies rules and regulations, and the committees with the latest information. The latest updates will be posted on the website soon. We made the decision to make this magazine open access in Thank you, Thank you, Thank you Thank you to those who voted to elect me to lead this esteemed organization. I am honored and humbled to follow in the footsteps of past presidents and board members who have created such a dynamic global organization.With your help, we can lead the positive global support and advancement of aquaculture production and science. Special thanks to the previous 3 presidents, Huberto Villarreal Colmenares, Jennifer Blair and Antonio Garza de Yta whose guidance, efforts and friendship have helped build my confidence to fulfill this important role. Even after 30 years as an aquaculture Extension Specialist I don't feel like an expert in any particular area and am continually learning new and valuable information from our subject matter gurus. Extension work has provided remarkable opportunities to interface with academic, research and production communities in the U.S. and around the world to gain a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges facing our industry. I often feel that we are preaching to the choir in our organization and need to expand our efforts to reach out with positive messages about the clear potential and inherent challenges of aquaculture in a transparent and honest way. It is often difficult to combat the misconceptions and myths about aquaculture with science-backed information when a 15-year-old in his basement has the same, and sometimes greater, online voice than aquaculture research professionals. Communication is critical to the success of our mission to advance aquaculture and help develop the next generation of scientists, teachers and practitioners. While our meetings, journal and magazine provide for essential networking and distribution of the latest scientific information, I believe that we can create even more opportunities for education though the development, organization and promotion of video and online resources. These resources should be aimed at increasing public knowledge and acceptance of aquaculture as well as bringing new opportunities for our members to learn from one another. We are in the process of organizing 6 free webinars in the next 12 months that should be of interest to a wide audience. Please make an effort to share these within your circle of influence and beyond as the details become available. (CONTINUED ON PAGE 9)
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 3 Editor’s Note Although in recent years more distinctions have been drawn between aquaculture and capture fisheries, these sectors are still inextricably linked in many ways, both biologically and economically. According to the FAO, over the past century aquaculture has grown to provide 57 percent of our planet’s aquatic animal production destined for human consumption. In contrast, the portion of marine fisheries stocks within biologically sustainable levels was 62.3 percent in 2021, down 2.3 percent from 2019. Clearly, there are innumerable species and markets for which aquaculture production is not a practical option, and the FAO emphasizes that urgent action is needed to accelerate conservation and rebuilding of fisheries stocks. However, as we all know, you can’t manage what you don’t (or can’t) count. A recent research article in the journal science indicates that the stock assessment data available to fisheries managers are not necessarily accurate, and often unrealistically optimistic. Edgar et al. (2024) examined stock assessments for 230 fisheries across the globe. The stocks in question represented a best case scenario, if you will, since they were comparatively well-documented and managed. Most stock assessments allow the use of current information to estimate biomass in previous years (“hindcasting”), and the study compared original stock biomass estimates with those for the same point in time generated from subsequent, updated assessments done several or many years later. The authors attempted to identify systematic bias over time and how such bias might vary with the status of any given stock. A total of 756 biomass values from older stock assessments were compared with estimates for the same year (“hindcast values”) derived from the most recent assessments for the same stocks. The further back in time, the more the older assessments overestimated biomass at that given point in time. Stocks considered as overfished generally exhibited large downward revisions in later assessments, with a consistent tendency of perceived recoveries that only dissipated over time. One important finding was that inaccurate historical data can often result in the perception that overfished stocks are in recovery and require less stringent regulatory control, which tends to perpetuate overfishing. Edgar et al. identified sea surface temperature as one of seven potential contributors to bias in biomass estimates over time, as a result of unpredictable interactions and ecosystem alterations. Recent events have served to emphasize the potential for climate change impacts to render stock assessments virtually useless. Consider the humaninduced collapse of the Bering Sea snow crab fishery. Although the consensus in 2018 recognized a sustained period of stock increases, catches decreased significantly for four years straight. Following a catastrophic stock assessment in 2021 the fishery was closed the following year. Litzow et al. (2024) developed an index to quantify the shift from arctic to boreal conditions in traditional snow crab fishing grounds over the time period in question. They tracked trends in ice cover, bottom temperature, primary production and the composition of phytoplankton, zooplankton and groundfish communities. Changes in prey availability, suitable habitat, predation pressure and disease prevalence were all demonstrated to track with the boreal index. Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing also complicates efforts to assess and manage fish, crustacean and mollusk stocks through the globe. In a study published in 2020, Sumaila et al. used ecological and economic data to estimate the scope of illicit trade in marine fishes. They concluded that this trade involves between 8 and 14 million metric tons of unreported catches on an annual basis. Apart from detrimental impacts on fisheries stocks and ecosystems, the authors projected resulting annual losses of $26 to $50 billion to the world’s traditional, legitimate trade in marine finfish. The authors also emphasized the fact that IUU fishing is undermining the ability of many coastal countries to achieve United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. What impacts wild fisheries often impacts aquaculture, and sometimes in unanticipated ways. We would be wise to stay abreast of the sector’s realities, uncertainties and challenges going forward, to identify both opportunities and threats. — C. Greg Lutz, Editor-in-Chief They Can’t Manage What They Can’t Count
4 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS Asian Pacific Chapter The major expansion of aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region over the past two decades has been driven by market needs. Appropriate technologies have been developed and implemented. In recent decades, several Asian countries have emerged as leading finfish producers worldwide. This was evidenced at the recent APA2024 conference from 2 to 5 July in Surabaya, Indonesia. APC organized this conference with the Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia. The event was officially inaugurated by the Honorable Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ma’ruf Amin, marking a momentous occasion. On the same day, His Excellency also inaugurated the tradeshow. This event represented the huge aquaculture assembly in the Asia-Pacific region, drawing over 6,051 delegates from 63 countries and featuring 226 exhibitors with booths. The main theme of APA 2024 was "Aquaculture - Driving the Blue Economy." A diverse array of exhibitors and speakers, representing both local and international perspectives, gathered to present the most recent advancements and technologies pertinent to the growth of the aquaculture sector. On the inaugural day of the plenary session, which took place on Wednesday, July 3, we had the honor of hosting Prof. Dr. Rokhmin Dahuri, the President of the Indonesia Aquaculture Society and the former Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries from 2001 to 2004. Following his address, Dr. J.K. Jena, the Deputy Director General of Fisheries Science at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), India, took the stage. Both distinguished speakers provided insightful presentations on the global aquaculture industry and the prevailing conditions in their respective countries. The occasion represented a remarkable milestone in the realms of academia, science, technology, and commercial endeavors. For me, it was an outstanding experience. I would like to express my appreciation to the host organizer, sponsors, exhibitors, speakers, participants, the conference management team, and the members of the Steering and Regional Organizing Committees. Additionally, I extend my congratulations to the recipients of the Student Travel, Women Travel, and Best Presentation awards from APA 2024. The process of inducting new members generally takes place during the Annual Board meeting, which was recently held in Surabaya alongside the APA event. At this meeting, the APC Board members, both longstanding and newly appointed, engaged in discussions regarding various future initiatives designed to improve the Chapter's operations. My familiarity with this process is due to my association with the APC Board since 2016, making all activities quite recognizable. I extend my gratitude to the APC members for providing me with these valuable experiences since 2016. I welcome innovative ideas and proposals aimed at improving our Chapter and Society. We have an exciting lineup of conferences scheduled, and I eagerly anticipate the chance to connect with you at one of our upcoming events, WA25, in Qingdao, China. Additionally, we are exploring potential new venues for the APA event, with options such as Cambodia or Vietnam, among others. — Bibha Kumari, President WINNERS FROM AQUA 2024 POSTERS AND PRESENTERS: • Best Oral Presentation (1st Place): Nikolina Nenadicl, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, nikolina.nenadic@griffithuni.edu.au Title of Talk: UNRAVELLING QUEENSLAND UNKNOWN DISEASE: TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND GENOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE OYSTER PARASITE Marteilia sydneyi • Best Oral Presentation (2nd Place): Jixu Tang, Ghent University, JIXU.TANG@UGent.be Title of Talk: ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS FOR POSTLARVAL CRUSTACEAN HEALTH MANAGEMENT POSTERS • 1st Place: Angela Camille Aguila-Toral, angelacamilleaguila@msi.upd.edu.ph Title: PROGRESSION OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTION IN MUD CRAB Scylla serrata: VIRAL LOAD DYNAMICS AND INFECTION OUTCOMES ASSAYED USING QUANTITATIVE PCR • 2nd Place: Orel Rahamim, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, orelra@post.bgu.ac.il INTEGRATING WATER TREATMENT WITH NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE BY A NEW MICROAEROPHILIC MEMBRANE ASSIMILATION REACTOR SYSTEM
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 5 Co-hosted by National Fisheries Technology Extension Center (NFTEC) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS) State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods (BRESG) Hosted by World Aquaculture Society (WAS) and China Society of Fisheries (CSF) April 24-27, 2025 Aquaculture Transformation: Actions Towards High Quality and Food Security Organized by Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute (YSFRI) CAFS and World Aquaculture Society World Aquaculture 2025 China The Annual International Conference and Exposition Qingdao, China Conference Sponsors To Be Announced WAS Premier Sponsors WA25 China info – www.was.org or contact apcsec@was.org; worldaqua@was.org Exhibition, sponsors – mario@marevent.com WA25 China AD LTR CMYK.indd 1 8/8/24 19:22
6 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG LACQUA 24 “Aquaculture in Latin America: innovation and sustainability for a global aquaculture,” is already here, and it is going to be such a magnificent event that we will talk about it for many years. The core of the Academic Program includes 320 oral presentations in 18 sessions and 172 posters. But there will also be seven industry talks, and pre- and postConference courses and workshops will be carried out in topics as important as reproduction, larviculture, nutritional optimization, omics, biointegrated systems, sample collection, and others. This work is supported by many persons helping the academic committee, all of whom I want to thank. Drs. Paola Barato and Adriana Muñoz, Directors of our LACC Board, have been leaders and put so much effort in consolidating the program. Carolina Amezquita, our Executive Officer, complemented this trio of talented ladies who wanted to make the Colombian Conference one of the highest quality, and they definitively achieved it. Our Chapter had elections the past month of April, and I want to inform you of the new members elected to the Board: Marcelo Shei (Brazil) as Elected President, Jesaias Ismael da Costa (Brazil) as Treasurer and Juli-Anne Royes (Jamaica) as Director, for the period September 2024-2026. Thank you Maria Celia Portella for conducting our Election so efficiently and welcome to our new Board members. To the ones who are leaving (Drs Paola Barato and Ricardo Rodrigues Vieira) it was my pleasure to work together. For sure this WAS Chapter will find ways to keep you involved since you are international leaders. Having a Board Member from the Caribbean for the first time ever, speaks to our interest for strengthening inclusion in our regional decision-making and the Chapter´s growth. I personally met Dr. Royes after her oral presentation in the WAS Aquaculture America Conference in San Antonio, Texas in 2024. We spoke about the importance of having the Caribbean incorporated in our regional organizations like WAS. For the case of our LACC Chapter, I have always looked for an increased inclusion of countries, but keeping in mind that we need to maintain and grow our membership to fully participate in WAS decision-making. I’m sure that we will increase the involvement of the Caribbean aquaculturists through Juli-Anne. And just to confirm this, a clear example: Hurricane Beryl hit the Caribbean in late June and early July. As always happens when a big hurricane passes through this region, impacts on farmers are high. But Dra. Paola Barato, our Director, reacted immediately contacting Juli-Anne and a webinar was established, both in presence (Dominican Republic) and by distance (farmers in the Caribbean), to talk about resilience to Climate Change in this region of the world. This sets a clear example that our role in WAS must be of active involvement with our farmers, on site, through many channels. I’m sure we will grow from this work from Paola, giving her the leadership to conduct and strengthening these actions. Our social media is an example of what we expect to achieve in the Chapter´s future: after the Board discussed ways to strengthen and improve it in 2024, currently it is a very dynamic communication multi-channel, continuously posting not only Conference-related information but also regarding the relevance of aquaculture in the region, the role of the women and students, and many other topics. I want to thank the joint work of Laura Silva Ledezma (Chapter Secretary), Carolina Amezquita and our Student Representative Angelica Barrera. What is in the line-up of our future regional WAS Conferences? Our plans: The LACQUA25 Conference will take place in wonderful Chile, specifically in Puerto Varas, 6-9 October. But talks are well advanced to return to Mexico for LACQUA 26, although a new interest has been presented by the General Director of CENDEPESCA (Federal Government) of El Salvador. If not in 2026, I am sure El Salvador can be considered as of now as a strong candidate for our regional Conference in 2027. We will keep you posted as important news, analyses and discussions evolve and we have a clearer picture. For example, having two new Brazilian Board Members starting in 2025, will return this important country to hosting our regional conferences in the years to come. Again, thank you Carolina Amezquita for developing these contacts and resolving doubts, with high efficiency. And thanks to John Cooksey too, for all his support to our region. Finally, some work that is in process at the WAS Board level, of utmost relevance to our Chapter: a better inclusion of the small-scale aquaculturists in the WAS work, conferences, and support. Thanks to both Angela Caporelli and Yahira Piedrahita, of the Industry Committee and the Industry Representative, respectively. This is a central, critical issue for regions like ours, where small- and medium-scale farmers are a clear majority, generating huge socioeconomic impacts through thousands of “points of entry” in rural territories. But also, unfortunately, these kinds of entrepreneurs are the most vulnerable and suffer the highest externalities from, for example, Climate Change and other external impacts. I have volunteered to work in this analysis in order to decisively bring to the table our SME rural aquaculturists’ perspective and problems. We hope to see all of you in Medellín, Colombia, September 24-27 for LACQUA 2024!!!! — Francisco Javier Martinez Cordero, President Latin American and Caribbean Chapter CHAPTER REPORTS
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 7 For More Information: www.was.org or contact worldaqua@was.org Exhibition & sponsors: mario@mareven.com carolina@was.org PLAZA MAYOR Medellín, Colombia September 24-27, 2024 Get our meeting mobile app The annual meeting of LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN CHAPTER Latin American & Caribbean Chapter/World Aquaculture Society -WAS LACC-@laccWas LACC World Aquaculture Society @LACC_WAS Premier sponsors Organized by LACQUA24 was ad CMYK.indd 1 4/14/24 14:35 For More Information: www.was.org or contact worldaqua@was.org Exhibition & sponsors: mario@mareven.com carolina@was.org PLAZA MAYOR Medellín, Colombia September 24-27, 2024 Get our meeting mobile app The annual meeting of LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN CHAPTER Latin American & Caribbean Chapter/World Aquaculture Society -WAS LACC-@laccWas LACC World Aquaculture Society @LACC_WAS Premier sponsors Organized by LACQUA24 was ad CMYK.indd 1 4/14/24 14:35
8 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG CHAPTER REPORTS Forecast Seed Supply to Manage Production of Olive Flounder, Laver, and Abalone It is expected that it will be possible to predict the supply and demand of Neob-chi (olive flounder in Korean, Paralichthys olivaceus), Gim (laver, Porphyra/ Pyropia), and Jeon-bog (abalone, Haliotis) seeds, which will increase the accuracy of seafood supply and demand and help stabilize prices. The Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) announced it will use the forecasting model to supply and demand fisheries seeds in fisheries policy. The model was developed for about six months, from August last year to February this year, and used as a pilot for three months. The prediction model was developed through collaboration between the Integrated Data Analysis Center of the MOIS and the Korea Fisheries Resources Agency (FIRA) under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. It was conducted on three representative species in Korea: Neob-chi (olive flounder), Gim (laver), and Jeonbog (abalone). All are high-production revenue and consumption items. The need for systematic supply and demand management has been raised at the seed stage due to the significant impact of prices on people’s lives. Still, more attention should be paid to them than other distribution stages. Accordingly, the government plans to conduct seed supply and demand forecasts for these items and to start long-term production and price management. In this model development process, ten types of public data were used, including data on the supply and demand status of fish seeds and farms related to the three species analyzed, data on fry discharge performance, and climate statistics data. It is a concept that predicts future seed sales unit prices, production, and demand through analysis and learning of past seed data, such as survey data on the actual condition of the fishery seed production industry, sales unit price, and seed production, which has been conducted since 2021. The model’s predicted values include the sales unit price and production volume from the survey conducted by the FIRA, showing high field utility. The model, developed earlier this year, was first utilized to improve the accuracy of the annual survey on the raw fish seed industry, conducted as a national statistic, during a pilot utilization process until May. The FIRA, a research institute, increased the accuracy of statistics through in-depth investigations if there was a significant difference between the forecast confirmed through the model and the survey value. The supply and demand prediction service for each fishery seed is expected to be widely used. “The model development process utilized data from halibut, laver, and abalone, but it can be used to predict the supply and demand of other fish, seaweeds, and shellfish, so it is expected to become a useful seed supply and demand management tool for the entire fishery industry,” said an official from the MOIS. It is also expected to help secure the price stability of fisheries products by enabling systematic management from the seed stage based on predictions of future sales prices and supply and demand conditions. The FIRA plans to provide stable services to seed production and distribution-related institutions, fisheries seed industry officials, and fishermen by installing this model in the ‘Integrated Fisheries Seed Management System (tentative name),’ scheduled to be built in the future. Source: MOIS Press Release, June 14, 2024 NIFS & NOAA Collaborate to Find Solutions to Current Aquaculture Challenges The National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS, President Choi Yong-seok) participated in the 17th KoreaUS Marine Science and Technology Cooperation Aquaculture Panel Meeting held at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Headquarters (Silver Spring) from June 25-27. Since 2002 the Korea-U.S. Ocean Science and Technology Cooperation Aquaculture Panel has provided opportunities for researchers to collaborate in areas of common interest to both countries. It has contributed to the advancement of aquaculture technology, such as improving the quality of aquaculture feeds and developing up-flow facilities for the intermediate cultivation of shellfish seeds. At the meeting, the status of aquaculture research and strategies for responding to climate change in both countries were shared. In particular, researchers from both countries confirmed that significant progress has been made in developing seaweedbased aquaculture feeds and decided to develop them further. In addition, Korea proposed developing energy-saving smart aquaculture technology and customized disease treatment for cold-water fish as new tasks for 2025 and agreed to cooperate. The energy-saving smart aquaculture research cooperation will be promoted to reduce the amount of energy and carbon dioxide generated by aquaculture farms due to the recent increase in electricity prices and global warming. As a support measure, it is planned to develop an optimized system through smart aquaculture operation and design and lay the foundation for its dissemination. The research cooperation on developing customized disease treatments for cold-water fish aims to support the development of aquaculture technology to replace the recent increase in salmon imports with domestic ones. The goal is to develop a plan to shorten the technology development period and increase productivity by cooperating with the U.S. in the development of bacterial treatments for cold-water fish and disease management. Kim Jong-hyun, head of the Aquaculture Industry Research Division at NIFS, said, “In the future, Korea and the U.S. will do their best to strengthen each other’s research capabilities through practical cooperation in marine science and technology and develop sustainable aquaculture. Source: NIFS Press Release, June 27, 2024 WOAH Recognized Korea as a Shrimp Yellowhead Disease Clean Country The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF, Minister Kang Kang-hyung) announced that Korea has been recognized by the Korean Chapter
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 9 CHAPTER REPORTS World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) as a clean country for ‘yellowhead disease,’ a major infectious disease of shrimp, which was first reported in Thailand and has since been reported in nine other countries, including China, causing mass mortality in shrimp. Yellowhead disease has been designated by the WOAH as an infectious disease requiring national-level management. The WOAH inspected a total of 147 shrimp farms in Korea over ten years from 2014 to 2023 and confirmed that there was no outbreak of ‘yellowhead disease’ and granted Korea the status of a ‘yellowhead disease-free country’ in recognition of its diseasefree history and the safety of the country’s aquatic biological quarantine and biosecurity system. As a result, Korean shrimp farmers can exempt their shrimp from yellowhead disease testing when exporting to other countries. Korea has been recognized as a clean country for six kinds of marine biological diseases, including salmonid infectious salmon anemia (2019), salmon Gyrodactylus salaries (2020), abalone herpes virus infection (2021), shrimp infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis (2022), salmonid alphavirus infection (2023) and shrimp yellowhead disease (2024). Minister Kang Do-hyung said, “With this clean country status, the excellence and safety of our country’s aquatic organism infectious disease management technology have been proven in the international community.” He added, “We will continue to work further to strengthen the management of aquatic organism infectious diseases and develop management technologies to add further and expand the clean country status for aquatic organism infectious diseases of major domestic aquaculture species.” Source: MOF Press Release, June 27, 2024 Happy 13th Gim’s Day (Laver Day) Vice Minister Song Myung-dal of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) attended the 13th Gim’s Day commemoration ceremony held at the Wando Culture and Arts Center on June 13 to encourage workers in the Gim (laver in Korean) industry. In his congratulatory speech at the commemoration ceremony, Vice Minister Song said, “I hope that you will have pride in producing the nation’s representative marine products loved by people around the world, as well as a sense of mission that you are responsible for the meals of our people.” He added, “The government will generously support all production, distribution, and export stages and will do its best to ensure that the Korean people can easily enjoy high-quality seaweed.” After the ceremony, Vice Minister Song held a meeting with the Gim (laver) production, processing, and distribution industry to discuss cooperation to stabilize supply and demand, including sharing information on Gim inventory and diverting stockpiles and exports to the domestic market, and ask them to actively participate in government policies to stabilize seaweed supply and demand. Last year, despite the slowdown in global consumption, Korea’s seaweed exports exceeded 1 trillion Korean Won (about $770 million USD), setting a record. Still, wholesale and consumer prices rose due to a significant increase in export demand. In response, the MOF announced a plan to stabilize the supply and demand of Gim on April 25 and has been implementing various policies such as developing new farms, temporarily reducing tariffs on imported Gim, and supporting discount events. Source: MOF Press Release, June 13, 2024 Korean White Leg Shrimp to be Branded as “Han-sae-woo” The Korea Shrimp Aquaculture Federation (KSAF) decided to unify the name of Heun-da-ri-sae-woo (white leg shrimp in Korean, Litopenaeus vannamei) farmed in Korea as ‘Han-saewoo (Han means Korea and sae-woo is shrimp)’ and applied for trademark registration of the image of Han-sae-woo to the Korean Intellectual Property Office on June 11. It was registered on August 5 (Registration No. 30-1270893). The KSAF believes that a unified name is necessary because white leg shrimp has been called various names, such as Dae-ha (giant shrimp), Wang-sae-woo (king shrimp), Heun-sae-woo (white shrimp), and Heun-da-ri-sae-woo (white legged shrimp), depending on the region, causing confusion among consumers. The KSAF will use this as an opportunity to widely promote it to the public by declaring a Shrimp-Eating Day (Gui Day) on September 2 this year. As a large amount of white leg shrimp and black tiger shrimp have been imported from Southeast Asia and Latin America, discrimination between these imported shrimp and domestic shrimp has emerged, so the name Han-sae-woo will be used for domestic shrimp produced in Korea, such as Han-woo (Han means Korea and woo is cow) and Han-don (Han means Korea and don is pig). ‘Han’ indicates all cultural trends originating in Korea, denoted by the letter ‘Han’ or ‘K,’ like K-POP and K-Food. Safe and clean shrimp cultivated without antibiotics in HACCP farms will be sold with the certification mark of the KSAF to ensure quality so that consumers can confidently eat Hansae-woo (Korean shrimp). Source: KSAF Haha Newsletter No. 11, September 1, 2024 — Ik Kyo Chung, President hopes that it would become a beacon for those seeking information about aquaculture. It is by design meant to be inclusive, accessible and understandable to a wide audience and those beyond the typical scientific journal reader. Please do your part in driving traffic to it and consider contributing an article. You can see from this and past President, cont. from page 2 issues the types and variety of topics and formats. Please contact the editor with your ideas. If I or any of the board members can be of service, please feel free to reach out. — David Cline, President, World Aquaculture Society
10 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG AFRAQ 2024 “Blue Farming: New Horizons for Economic Growth” 3rd Annual International Conference & Exposition of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society November 19-22 Hammamet, TUNISIA www.was.org Conference Management worldaqua@was.org www.was.org Exhibits & Sponsors Mario Stael mario@marevent.com WAS - African Chapter Blessing Mapfumo africanchapter@was.org MINISTÈRE DE L’AGRICULTURE, DES RESSOURCES HYDRAULIQUES ET DE LA PÊCHE, TUNISIE Hosted By Organized By Conference Sponsors Gold Sponsor Chapter Founding Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsors WAS Premier Sponsors AFRAQ24 letter ad CMYK.indd 1 8/30/24 09:41
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 11 CHAPTER REPORTS As part of our strategy for reaching out to our members and key national and regional associations, especially in key producer countries in Africa, I had the opportunity to attend this year’s well-promoted and successful Aquaculture Ghana 2024 Conference, on behalf of the WAS. This took place in April 2024. I was inspired to see and interact with many aquaculture value chain actors, including WAS members there — all with the goal to transform aquaculture development in Ghana. The Aquaculture Ghana 2024 conference was strategic as it gave a foundational basis for hosting a future Aquaculture Africa event for the first time in West Africa, hopefully in 2026. Ghana has long been identified as a strategic host country. The WAS also featured at the Awards Night which honored outstanding individuals, talents, companies, and projects that have significantly contributed to Ghana’s aquaculture industry. The event recognized stakeholders championing environmental sustainability, innovation, corporate social responsibility, and research, among others. In 2023, the Ghana Chamber of Aquaculture honored the WAS AC for its role as a special vehicle for aquaculture development in Africa. Ghana has undoubtedly become a key pillar on freshwater aquaculture development in Africa, having produced a record 133,000 metric tonnes (mostly tilapias) in 2022, according to the FAO, arguably becoming one of Africa’s fastest growing aquaculture countries with well-established value chains. It is indeed delightful to share the numerous collaborations between the World Aquaculture Society -African Chapter (WASAC) and the Ghana Chamber of Aquaculture over the years. Our association and partnership began around 2020 and have improved over the years. The World Aquaculture Society -African Chapter (WAS-AC) and the Ghana Chamber of Aquaculture jointly organized and hosted regional conferences -1st and 2nd Regional Conferences on Aquaculture in West Africa, in 2021 and 2023, and the Aquaculture Ghana Conference 2024. Members of WAS-AC including myself, were key players in the planning stage as committee members in the 1st Hybrid Conference in 2021. I facilitated the participation of key stakeholders such as the Regional Officer of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization at the conference and was actively involved in online activities giving the summary brief of the conference during the closing session. The administrative officer of the WAS-AC was physically at the meeting to represent the Chapter. Subsequently in the 2013 and 2014 conferences, I delivered addresses at the opening ceremonies and in giving out awards to deserving members of the Ghana Chamber of Aquaculture, at the closing ceremonies. The WAS-AC provides media platforms for advertising and promoting aquaculture activities and programs of the Ghana Chamber of Aquaculture. We also support service delivery and presentations of policy matters to the government The World Aquaculture Society West Africa Region (WASAWAR) provided learning platforms at the Aquaculture Ghana Conference 2024 by organizing a one-day workshop in Accra, Ghana, on May 29th, 2024, on ‘Exploring potential collaboration models for sustainable aquaculture development in West Africa’. The presentations and discussions delivered science, technology, education, and information exchange on aquaculture. Preparations for the upcoming 3rd Annual International Conference and Exposition of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (AFRAQ2024), are ongoing earnestly. The event, which takes place in Hammamet, Tunisia on 19-22 November 2024 will be hosted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries with support from other national entities in Tunisia. We encourage all aquaculture actors from around the world to register and prepare to attend the event. — Foluke O. Areola, President African Chapter
12 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG Aquaculture 2025 March 6-10, 2025 New Orleans Marriott New Orleans, Louisiana ASSOCIATE SPONSORS Aquaculture Engineering Society • Aquaculture Association of Canada Catfish Farmers of America • Global Seafood Alliance International Association of Aquaculture • Economics and Management Latin America & Caribbean Chapter WA • US Trout Farmers Association Zebrafish Husbandry Association www.was.org www.shellfish.org www.fishculture.fisheries.org www.nationalaquaculture.org CO-SPONSORS HOSTED BY For More Information: Event Information: www.was.org Conference & Registration: worldaqua@was.org Tradeshow: mario@marevent.com I tio r T n o y AQ25 ad LTR CMYK.pdf 1 8/8/24 19:18
WWW.WAS.ORG • WORLD AQUACULTURE • SEPTEMBER 2024 13 project. This quarter, the committee also hosted a virtual student subunit happy hour and created a student subunits page on the Aquaculture Information Exchange. They are also exploring the idea of regional subunits, which would allow surrounding institutions and students to get involved with new or pre-existing subunits, without requiring them to meet the criteria to form a subunit of their own. If you’re a student and want to know what Student Activities exist and how you can get involved reach out to Board Director Adriane Michaelis (contact information at the “leadership” link above). This quarter has also brought to light how important it is that USAS has existing and accessible historical records. With assistance from many of the Past Presidents, as well as others, members of the board are exploring the best way to build and maintain this important institutional knowledge. If any reader has access to resources they think could aid in this endeavor please don’t hesitate to reach out to myself or President-Elect Mick Walsh. As always, we would like our focus to reflect the needs of the membership. The Promotion and Membership Outreach Committee has written an article summarizing the 2024 USAS membership survey results. You can expect to see this article published in this, or an upcoming, issue of WAS Magazine. It is our intention to use this feedback to guide our activities. But don’t stop the conversation there. Why are you (or aren’t you!) a member of the USAS? What else should we be doing as a Society? Think big and let’s talk. — Abigail Bockus, President U.S. Aquaculture Society As fall approaches, the US Aquaculture Society Board is pleased to share what we’ve been working on this summer. The Webinars Subcommittee will be hosting a webinar on Social Dimensions in Aquaculture in late September. Keep a look out for the registration email coming soon. It’s also time to submit your abstract and register for the 2025 Triennial Aquaculture conference being held in New Orleans, Louisiana USA from March 6-10. The abstract deadline is September 30, 2024. Students! Be sure and get your abstract submitted in time to be eligible for our Student Travel Awards, with over $10,000 available in student support. The Continuing Education Workshops Subcommittee has also helped organize a pre-conference workshop on RAS Systems Design. If you’re interested in participating sign up during the online conference https://www.was.org/Meeting/code/AQ2025. The Student Awards Committee is still recruiting sponsors to support student participation at the Aquaculture conference. Please contact our Vice President, Allen Pattillo if you’re interested in becoming a new or continuing sponsor at https://www.usaquaculture. org/our-leadership. A complete list of previous student award winners from 2015-2024 has also been added to the USAS website. One of the top priorities of the Board is supporting our students and I’d like to extend special appreciation to all the members that spend their time, energy, and expertise helping us encourage our young professionals. In line with this mission, the Student Subunits Committee will be offering a new $1,000 award in support of a student subunit CHAPTER REPORTS (CONTINUED ON PAGE 68) WAS’s continued important role in information and technology exchange, policy development and collaborations in aquaculture as key factors for sustainable aquaculture development. During the last decade FAO and WAS have strengthened their collaboration as seen through FAO’s improved presence in regional events organized by WAS globally. In turn, WAS has contributed directly or indirectly to many committees, providing not only technical expertise but a diverse, plural, and inclusive perspective. WAS has actively WAS participates at FAO’s 36th Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Meeting, Rome Italy Blessing Mapfumo and Antonio Garza de Yta The WAS participated at the FAO’s 36th Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI36) - the largest global gathering of policymakers, experts and partners dealing with key issues affecting fisheries and aquaculture. This year’s session, which took place 8-12 July 2024 had more than 960 participants, almost 700 of whom were present in person, representing largely COFI member countries. The WAS was amongst the 84 observer organizations present. Dr. Antonio Garza de Yta (WAS Past President) delivered a speech congratulating FAO, and all its members for the successful hosting of the Session. He highlighted WAS Past-President Antonio Garza de Yta delivered a speech highlighting WAS’s role in sustainable aquaculture development.
14 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG • Bo, Z., Peng, S., Qian, Y., Peng, R., & Jiang, X. (2024). The effects of different ratios of mixed feeding of Scenedesmus dimorphus to Cyclotella sp. on the growth performance, pearl production ability, and biochemical components of the new shell tissue of Hyriopsis cumingii. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13032. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13032 China is the largest producer of cultured pearls with freshwater pearls accounting for over 95% of this production. This study determined the effects of feeding different ratios of two algae strains (Scenedesmus dimorphus and Cyclotella sp.) on the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. The authors compared growth, pearl production ability, and various shell tissue properties following feeding. It was found that mixed feeding at different densities resulted in significant changes in growth, bead production quality, trace elements, and the composition of amino acids in newly formed shell tissue. Furthermore, body weight and shell growth rate were elevated when feeding 30 x 105 cells/ml of S. dimorphus and 8 x 105 cells/ml of Cyclotella sp. Pearl weight gain, amino acid ratio, and Ca2+ and Mn2+ were highest when feeding 16×105 cell/ mL of Cyclotella sp, but this finding was similar to the above treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the optimal ratio for intensive culture of H. cumingii is to provide a mixed feeding of S. dimorphus (30 × 105 cell/ml) and Cyclotella sp. (8 × 105 cell/ml). This is one of the first reports on the effects of feeding different ratios of microalgae on pearl production and growth of H. cumingii. • Dou, Y., & Bi, X. (2024). Effects of dietary supplementation with Haematococcus pluvialis on the growth, antioxidantase activities, and gut microbiota of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13060. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13060 Extensive culture and breeding of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) occur in Northern and Eastern China; however, frequent disease and germplasm degradation have impacted sustainable aquaculture development of this species. The effect of supplementing crustacean feed with the unicellular algae Haematococcus pluviali was determined in this study. The authors explored growth, antioxidantase activity, and gut microbiota changes in this species following supplementation with 5% H. pluvialis powder. It was found that groups of crabs fed H. pluvialis powder had significantly improved weight gain and specific growth rate (p<0.05) following 14 days of feeding. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were found to decline, while the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) rose following treatment with H. pluvialis powder. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity initially decreased then increased. The authors found that there were significant changes in dominant bacterial phyla in the gut with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Candidatus_Bacilloplasma being higher in treated crabs. Taken as a whole, this study recommended that supplementation with 5% H. pluvialis powder may provide rapid fattening and potentially improve immunity and metabolic capacity of E. sinensis. Table of Contents Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 55(3) Your society journal JWAS is fully available to you including all back issues at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17497345 or at www.was.org (just click on the photo of JWAS). Review Papers Stone, N. M., Engle, C. R., Kumar, G., Li, M. H., Hegde, S., Roy, L. A., Kelly, A. M., Dorman, L., & Recsetar, M. S. (2024). Factors affecting feed conversion ratios in US commercial catfish production ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13053. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13053 Applied Research Van Nguyen, N., Hao, P. N., Hai, P. D., & Hung, L. T. (2024). Improved growth, body composition, and fatty acid composition in striped catfish juveniles, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, fed with diets containing different oil sources. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13064. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jwas.13064 Cabanillas-Gámez, M., Gomez-Cadena, J., Galaviz, M. A., de Oca, G.-M., Figueroa-Saavedra, F., Lopez, L. M., Trejo-Escamilla, I., Barreto-Curiel, F., & Lopez-Valencia, G. (2024). Use of fermented malted barley by-product as partial feed replacement and carbon source for rearing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13062. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13062 Chainark, S., Chainark, P., & Soonsan, P. (2024). Differences in shrimp pond bottom soil properties and bacterial load between acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-infected ponds and AHPND-free ponds and their relation to AHPND. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13071. https:// doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13071 Original/Fundamental Research Wang, Z., Chen, X., Shi, L., Zhang, X., & Hu, Y. (2024). Productivity versus environmental sustainability: A broadscale assessment of freshwater aquaculture’s technical efficiency and ecological efficiency in China’s inland provinces. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13057. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jwas.13057 Olagunju, O. F., Kristofersson, D., Tomasson, T., & Kristjánsson, T. (2024). Farm strategies and characteristics influencing profitability in Nigerian catfish aquaculture: Lessons on resilience during economic crisis and COVID-type shock. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), e13058. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jwas.13058 the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Editor’s Choice Awards 55(3)
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