18 SEPTEMBER 2024 • WORLD AQUACULTURE • WWW.WAS.ORG flagship aquaculture species, the island is also responding to changes in the coastal aquaculture environment by providing support for the purchase of seeds and feed to foster high-value-added subtropical fish species, such as members of the Ba-ri-family (groupers, Serranidae), as new localized aquaculture species. Other Provincial Institutions Gyeongsangbuk-do is researching the cultivation of the subtropical Jaes-bang-eo (greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili). This migratory fish comes to the East Sea in the summer and returns to Japan when the water temperature drops. It is being raised for testing in a recirculating filtration aquaculture system (RAS). Incheon Metropolitan City Fisheries Resources Research Institute has been steadily promoting the production of Gab-o-jing-eo (common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis) seeds for release. Busan Metropolitan City, where Gim (laver, Porphyra/ Pyropia) farming was initially actively carried out in the Nakdong River estuary, is researching to develop varieties and present standards for which Gim (laver) species are suitable for Busan waters in cooperation with the National Institute of Fisheries Science’s Seaweed Research Institute since 2021. However, Gangwon-do Coldwater Fisheries Resources Center stated, “Currently, the marine environment in Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province has mostly stayed the same. It’s not a serious situation because most fish species in the East Sea are migratory. We are aware of climate change, but we are not researching species to respond to it.” Gangwon-do is currently focusing on farming Atlantic salmon, which the Smart Aquaculture Cluster will produce. Gyeonggi-do, known for its shellfish, shrimp, and laver farming, also said, “No research is being conducted to respond to climate change except for seed production to release seeds to increase the resources of currently existing species.” The National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) Subtropical Fisheries Research Institute of the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS) is researching subtropical aquaculture species such as Cham-jo-gi (small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis), Ben-ja-ri (chicken grunt, Parapristipoma trilineatum), Heug-jeom-jul-jeon-gaeng-I (white trevally, Pseudocaranx dentex), and Jaes-bang-eo (greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili). Research on Chamjo-gi (small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis) began in the early Chungcheongnam-do (Chungnam) Fisheries Resources Research Institute Since 2021, Chungnam Fisheries Resources Research Institute has been researching next-generation Ba-ji-lag (Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum) production and variety improvement by finding clams resistant to high water temperatures. When the air temperature is 30℃, the tidal flat temperature rises to 37-39℃, and when the seawater temperature exceeds 30℃, clam deaths increase rapidly. The average summer water temperature in the West Sea of Chungnam has steadily risen, and the clam death rate has also increased yearly. To find clams resistant to high water temperatures, Chungnam Fisheries Resources Research Institute collected 3,000 clams from 30 farms in the province and conducted a genetic test. In the process, it was confirmed that clams from Hwang-do farms have high water temperature-resistant genes. Hwang-do clams had about 40% higher expression of high water temperature resistance genes than regular clams. Clams with high water temperature-resistant genes are presumed to have survived and reproduced in two mass deaths in 2013 and 2019. In the first half of last year, the Institute secured 100 kg (approximately 7,000 clams) of Hwang-do clams and selected 500 more resistant to high temperatures through genetic testing. In the future, the Institute plans to produce second-generation clams by crossbreeding these 500 clams and to repeat selection and breeding of clams superior under high temperatures through genetic testing. After five rounds of breeding and screening processes, the Institute will produce seed clams with solid resistance to high temperatures and distribute them to fishing villages. Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Marine Fisheries Research Institute Jeju Island, the southernmost island in Korea, is undergoing rapid changes in its marine ecosystem due to rapid subtropicalization. The average annual water temperature on Jeju Island has risen from the previous level of 17-18℃ to 19-20℃, and the occurrence of subtropical fish species inhabiting the Jeju coast has exceeded 50%. As part of the island’s response to climate change, the Institute fosters sustainable fisheries, including creating fishery resources centered on subtropical fish species and developing aquaculture technologies. In addition to Neob-chi (olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus), Jeju’s Climate change, high temperatures, and abnormal weather are causing frequent deaths of aquaculture organisms. Chungnam Fisheries Resources Research Institute - high-temperature resistant breeding improved mother clam.
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